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Comfort and pain management have always been buy bayer levitra paramount in the child-centered approach to care at UC Davis Children’s Hospital. A new hospital initiative called Comfort Commitment launched this month, which provides a buy bayer levitra standardized approach to help pediatric patients better cope with distressing procedures and decrease pain and anxiety. Child life specialist Emily McDaniel and nurse Carter Todd discuss comfort planning with a patient.It involves four steps to managing a patient’s comfort:Ask the child and caregiver what they know and understand about the procedureShare more about the procedure in simple terms using honest, age-appropriate languagePlan for the procedure, considering medicine and numbing options, refocusing techniques (toys, electronics, music), comfort positions (chest-to-chest for small children with their caregiver, swaddle for infants and young toddlers) and a calming environment (with lights, noises and words)Follow the agreed-upon plan and ensure the child feels heard and modify comfort measures to meet the patient’s needs“Our ultimate goal is to establish an environment where hospital experiences can be growth-promoting for children and families,” said child life specialist Emily McDaniel. €œThrough individualizing procedural comfort plans with this collaborative four-step process, we are consistently able to provide coping support and empower the child to customize a plan that uniquely meets their specific needs.”The initiative was funded by a Children's buy bayer levitra Miracle Network at UC Davis grant.

For more information, visit https://ucdavis.health/comfort.A levitra is probably not the best time to refer to someone’s personality as ‘infectious.’ Shalaine Reddic has always believed she could do more than people thought she could.But you don’t have to talk with Shalaine Reddic for long, even on the phone, to feel the positive energy and can-do spirit of this UC Davis Medical Center nurse.Reddic’s desire to help patients blends perfectly with her strong drive to succeed, academic muscle and never-say-die attitude – all wrapped up in what she calls her fashion-forward style.A single mother of three, Reddic has never stopped moving up the career ladder. She started out doing clerical work on the Davis campus years ago buy bayer levitra. Today, Reddic is on the verge of becoming a licensed nurse practitioner.“I always like to buy bayer levitra stay busy,” said Reddic.That’s an understatement. She was deftly juggling the phone conversation after a long work week while providing cooking instruction to her 16-year-old son.

€œAnd I’ve always believed that I could do more than people thought I could,” she said.When she first started working, the buy bayer levitra Rancho Cordova resident didn’t consider the patient side of health care. She didn’t enjoy the thought of seeing blood or being in the clinic environment. But after becoming a clinical quality improvement coordinator at UC Davis Health, she started working with nurses and quickly gained an appreciation for the profession.Reddic spent nearly 10 years slowly but steadily taking buy bayer levitra classes and moving from one nursing degree to the next – from an associate of art’s degree at a community college to a bachelor’s degree (cum laude, of course) from Sacramento State – all while working and almost single-handedly raising her children.“I have seen her push through personal issues on numerous occasions,” said Darrell Desmond, nurse manager of Reddic’s hospital unit. €œBut she just keeps moving forward with an always positive attitude despite life’s many challenges.”It was while volunteering at a community clinic for underserved women in Sacramento that Reddic had what she buy bayer levitra calls an epiphany.

It was a moment of intense clarity for someone who already had a rewarding nursing career.“I saw nurse practitioners working with patients, diagnosing health problems, prescribing medications,” Reddic said. €œThey were buy bayer levitra providers. They had the autonomy to make patient-care decisions. For me, buy bayer levitra that was it.

I was in tears because I knew then and there that was what I really wanted to do.”So, Reddic decided to add another academic achievement to her three nursing degrees and an AA degree in business administration. A graduate degree as a family nurse practitioner.Always on the move, Reddic never stops seeking buy bayer levitra new goals and achievements.Three years and many commute miles later, she recently completed her master’s from Sonoma State and is now studying for her boards. While working buy bayer levitra full time, of course.Reddic admits to being overwhelmed at times over the years. But she said strong faith and prayer helped her put things in perspective when she felt defeated and exhausted.“It’s been a journey and a learning process,” Reddic said.

€œI’ve got a few bruises, but I’m still here and excited about each buy bayer levitra day. When I face adversity, I always step it up a notch.”As if it wasn’t enough to become a nurse practitioner, Reddic is considering going back to school for a certificate in psychiatry and, perhaps, a doctorate at some point.She’s also dreaming about plans for starting two independent clinics. One would be dedicated to serving buy bayer levitra underprivileged communities. The other would be an IV hydration bar, a trending intravenous therapy program for wellness, beauty and health.“Shalaine has organized her life for success,” said Joleen Lonigan, an executive director of Patient Care Services at UC Davis buy bayer levitra Medical Center.

€œShe’s turned her motivation into achievements and her pathway into inspiration that can benefit others.”Her story is undoubtedly motivational for anyone who knows Reddic. Colleagues say her determination is impressive buy bayer levitra. Her attitude always stays positive, undoubtedly enhanced by that fashion-forward sensibility that can be seen, despite the required nursing apparel, in some colorful shoe choices and unique earrings. And those academic and buy bayer levitra clinical accomplishments?.

They’re likely just steppingstones leading toward further personal and professional goals.In short, Shalaine Reddic and the spirit with which she approaches life seem – even in a levitra age – wonderfully contagious..

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Credit this page levitra erection. IStock Share Fast Facts New @HopkinsMedicine study finds African-American women with common form of hair loss at increased risk of uterine fibroids - Click to Tweet New study in @JAMADerm shows most common form of alopecia (hair loss) in African-American women associated with higher risks of uterine fibroids - Click to Tweet In a study of medical records gathered on hundreds of thousands of African-American women, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have evidence that women with a common form of hair loss have an increased chance of developing uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids.In a report on the research, published in the December 27 issue of JAMA Dermatology, the researchers call on physicians who treat women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) to make patients aware that they may be at increased risk for fibroids and should be screened for the condition, particularly if they have symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pain. CCCA predominantly affects black women and is levitra erection the most common form of permanent alopecia in this population. The excess scar tissue that forms as a result of this type of hair loss may also explain the higher risk for uterine fibroids, which are characterized by fibrous growths in the lining of the womb. Crystal Aguh, M.D., assistant professor of dermatology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, says the scarring associated with levitra erection CCCA is similar to the scarring associated with excess fibrous tissue elsewhere in the body, a situation that may explain why women with this type of hair loss are at a higher risk for fibroids.People of African descent, she notes, are more prone to develop other disorders of abnormal scarring, termed fibroproliferative disorders, such as keloids (a type of raised scar after trauma), scleroderma (an autoimmune disorder marked by thickening of the skin as well as internal organs), some types of lupus and clogged arteries.

During a four-year period from 2013-2017, the researchers analyzed patient data from the Johns Hopkins electronic medical record system (Epic) of 487,104 black women ages 18 and over. The prevalence levitra erection of those with fibroids was compared in patients with and without CCCA. Overall, the researchers found that 13.9 percent of women with CCCA also had a history of uterine fibroids compared to only 3.3 percent of black women without the condition. In absolute numbers, out of the 486,000 women who were reviewed, 16,212 had fibroids.Within that population, 447 had CCCA, of which 62 had fibroids. The findings translate to a fivefold increased risk of uterine fibroids in women with CCCA, levitra erection compared to age, sex and race matched controls.

Aguh cautions that their study does not suggest any cause and effect relationship, or prove a common cause for both conditions. €œThe cause levitra erection of the link between the two conditions remains unclear,” she says. However, the association was strong enough, she adds, to recommend that physicians and patients be made aware of it. Women with levitra erection this type of scarring alopecia should be screened not only for fibroids, but also for other disorders associated with excess fibrous tissue, Aguh says. An estimated 70 percent of white women and between 80 and 90 percent of African-American women will develop fibroids by age 50, according to the NIH, and while CCCA is likely underdiagnosed, some estimates report a prevalence of rates as high as 17 percent of black women having this condition.

The other levitra erection authors on this paper were Ginette A. Okoye, M.D. Of Johns Hopkins and Yemisi Dina of Meharry Medical College.Credit. The New England Journal of Medicine Share Fast Facts This study clears levitra erection up how big an effect the mutational burden has on outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors across many different cancer types. - Click to Tweet The number of mutations in a tumor’s DNA is a good predictor of whether it will respond to a class of cancer immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors.

- Click to Tweet The “mutational burden,” or the number of mutations present in a tumor’s DNA, is a good predictor of whether that cancer type will respond to a class of levitra erection cancer immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors, a new study led by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers shows. The finding, published in the Dec. 21 New England Journal of Medicine, could be used to guide future clinical levitra erection trials for these drugs. Checkpoint inhibitors are a relatively new class of drug that helps the immune system recognize cancer by interfering with mechanisms cancer cells use to hide from immune cells. As a result, the drugs cause the immune system to fight cancer in the same way that it would fight an .

These medicines have had remarkable success levitra erection in treating some types of cancers that historically have had poor prognoses, such as advanced melanoma and lung cancer. However, these therapies have had little effect on other deadly cancer types, such as pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma. The mutational burden of certain tumor types has previously been proposed as an explanation for why certain cancers respond better than others to immune checkpoint inhibitors says levitra erection study leader Mark Yarchoan, M.D., chief medical oncology fellow. Work by Dung Le, M.D., associate professor of oncology, and other researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and its Bloomberg~Kimmel Cancer Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy showed that colon cancers that carry a high number of mutations are more likely to respond to checkpoint inhibitors than those that have fewer mutations. However, exactly levitra erection how big an effect the mutational burden has on outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors across many different cancer types was unclear.

To investigate this question, Yarchoan and colleagues Alexander Hopkins, Ph.D., research fellow, and Elizabeth Jaffee, M.D., co-director of the Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care and associate director of the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute, combed the medical literature for the results of clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors on various different types of cancer. They combined these findings with data on the levitra erection mutational burden of thousands of tumor samples from patients with different tumor types. Analyzing 27 different cancer types for which both pieces of information were available, the researchers found a strong correlation. The higher a cancer type’s mutational burden tends to be, the more likely it is to respond to checkpoint inhibitors. More than half of the levitra erection differences in how well cancers responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors could be explained by the mutational burden of that cancer.

€œThe idea that a tumor type with more mutations might be easier to treat than one with fewer sounds a little counterintuitive. It’s one of those things levitra erection that doesn’t sound right when you hear it,” says Hopkins. €œBut with immunotherapy, the more mutations you have, the more chances the immune system has to recognize the tumor.” Although this finding held true for the vast majority of cancer types they studied, there were some outliers in their analysis, says Yarchoan. For example, Merkel cell cancer, a rare and levitra erection highly aggressive skin cancer, tends to have a moderate number of mutations yet responds extremely well to checkpoint inhibitors. However, he explains, this cancer type is often caused by a levitra, which seems to encourage a strong immune response despite the cancer’s lower mutational burden.

In contrast, the most common type of colorectal cancer has moderate mutational burden, yet responds poorly to checkpoint inhibitors for reasons that are still unclear. Yarchoan notes that these levitra erection findings could help guide clinical trials to test checkpoint inhibitors on cancer types for which these drugs haven’t yet been tried. Future studies might also focus on finding ways to prompt cancers with low mutational burdens to behave like those with higher mutational burdens so that they will respond better to these therapies. He and his colleagues plan to extend this line of research levitra erection by investigating whether mutational burden might be a good predictor of whether cancers in individual patients might respond well to this class of immunotherapy drugs. €œThe end goal is precision medicine—moving beyond what’s true for big groups of patients to see whether we can use this information to help any given patient,” he says.

Yarchoan receives funding from the levitra erection Norman &. Ruth Rales Foundation and the Conquer Cancer Foundation. Through a licensing agreement with Aduro Biotech, Jaffee has the potential to receive royalties in the future..

Credit. IStock Share Fast Facts New @HopkinsMedicine study finds African-American women with common form of hair loss at increased risk of uterine fibroids - Click to Tweet New study in @JAMADerm shows most common form of alopecia (hair loss) in African-American women associated with higher risks of uterine fibroids - Click to Tweet In a study of medical records gathered on hundreds of thousands of African-American women, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have evidence that women with a common form of hair loss have an increased chance of developing uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids.In a report on the research, published in the December 27 issue of JAMA Dermatology, the researchers call on physicians who treat women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) to make patients aware that they may be at increased risk for fibroids and should be screened for the condition, particularly if they have symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pain. CCCA predominantly affects black women and is the most common form of permanent alopecia in this population. The excess scar tissue that forms as a result of this type of hair loss may also explain the higher risk for uterine fibroids, which are characterized by fibrous growths in the lining of the womb. Crystal Aguh, M.D., assistant professor of dermatology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, says the scarring associated with CCCA is similar to the scarring associated with excess fibrous tissue elsewhere in the body, a situation that may explain why women with this type of hair loss are at a higher risk for fibroids.People of African descent, she notes, are more prone to develop other disorders of abnormal scarring, termed fibroproliferative disorders, such as keloids (a type of raised scar after trauma), scleroderma (an autoimmune disorder marked by thickening of the skin as well as internal organs), some types of lupus and clogged arteries.

During a four-year period from 2013-2017, the researchers analyzed patient data from the Johns Hopkins electronic medical record system (Epic) of 487,104 black women ages 18 and over. The prevalence of those with fibroids was compared in patients with and without CCCA. Overall, the researchers found that 13.9 percent of women with CCCA also had a history of uterine fibroids compared to only 3.3 percent of black women without the condition. In absolute numbers, out of the 486,000 women who were reviewed, 16,212 had fibroids.Within that population, 447 had CCCA, of which 62 had fibroids. The findings translate to a fivefold increased risk of uterine fibroids in women with CCCA, compared to age, sex and race matched controls.

Aguh cautions that their study does not suggest any cause and effect relationship, or prove a common cause for both conditions. €œThe cause of the link between the two conditions remains unclear,” she says. However, the association was strong enough, she adds, to recommend that physicians and patients be made aware of it. Women with this type of scarring alopecia should be screened not only for fibroids, but also for other disorders associated with excess fibrous tissue, Aguh says. An estimated 70 percent of white women and between 80 and 90 percent of African-American women will develop fibroids by age 50, according to the NIH, and while CCCA is likely underdiagnosed, some estimates report a prevalence of rates as high as 17 percent of black women having this condition.

The other authors on this paper were Ginette A. Okoye, M.D. Of Johns Hopkins and Yemisi Dina of Meharry Medical College.Credit. The New England Journal of Medicine Share Fast Facts This study clears up how big an effect the mutational burden has on outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors across many different cancer types. - Click to Tweet The number of mutations in a tumor’s DNA is a good predictor of whether it will respond to a class of cancer immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors.

- Click to Tweet The “mutational burden,” or the number of mutations present in a tumor’s DNA, is a good predictor of whether that cancer type will respond to a class of cancer immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors, a new study led by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers shows. The finding, published in the Dec. 21 New England Journal of Medicine, could be used to guide future clinical trials for these drugs. Checkpoint inhibitors are a relatively new class of drug that helps the immune system recognize cancer by interfering with mechanisms cancer cells use to hide from immune cells. As a result, the drugs cause the immune system to fight cancer in the same way that it would fight an .

These medicines have had remarkable success in treating some types of cancers that historically have had poor prognoses, such as advanced melanoma and lung cancer. However, these therapies have had little effect on other deadly cancer types, such as pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma. The mutational burden of certain tumor types has previously been proposed as an explanation for why certain cancers respond better than others to immune checkpoint inhibitors says study leader Mark Yarchoan, M.D., chief medical oncology fellow. Work by Dung Le, M.D., associate professor of oncology, and other researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and its Bloomberg~Kimmel Cancer Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy showed that colon cancers that carry a high number of mutations are more likely to respond to checkpoint inhibitors than those that have fewer mutations. However, exactly how big an effect the mutational burden has on outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors across many different cancer types was unclear.

To investigate this question, Yarchoan and colleagues Alexander Hopkins, Ph.D., research fellow, and Elizabeth Jaffee, M.D., co-director of the Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care and associate director of the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute, combed the medical literature for the results of clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors on various different types of cancer. They combined these findings with data on the mutational burden of thousands of tumor samples from patients with different tumor types. Analyzing 27 different cancer types for which both pieces of information were available, the researchers found a strong correlation. The higher a cancer type’s mutational burden tends to be, the more likely it is to respond to checkpoint inhibitors. More than half of the differences in how well cancers responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors could be explained by the mutational burden of that cancer.

€œThe idea that a tumor type with more mutations might be easier to treat than one with fewer sounds a little counterintuitive. It’s one of those things that doesn’t sound right when you hear it,” says Hopkins. €œBut with immunotherapy, the more mutations you have, the more chances the immune system has to recognize the tumor.” Although this finding held true for the vast majority of cancer types they studied, there were some outliers in their analysis, says Yarchoan. For example, Merkel cell cancer, a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer, tends to have a moderate number of mutations yet responds extremely well to checkpoint inhibitors. However, he explains, this cancer type is often caused by a levitra, which seems to encourage a strong immune response despite the cancer’s lower mutational burden.

In contrast, the most common type of colorectal cancer has moderate mutational burden, yet responds poorly to checkpoint inhibitors for reasons that are still unclear. Yarchoan notes that these findings could help guide clinical trials to test checkpoint inhibitors on cancer types for which these drugs haven’t yet been tried. Future studies might also focus on finding ways to prompt cancers with low mutational burdens to behave like those with higher mutational burdens so that they will respond better to these therapies. He and his colleagues plan to extend this line of research by investigating whether mutational burden might be a good predictor of whether cancers in individual patients might respond well to this class of immunotherapy drugs. €œThe end goal is precision medicine—moving beyond what’s true for big groups of patients to see whether we can use this information to help any given patient,” he says.

Yarchoan receives funding from the Norman &. Ruth Rales Foundation and the Conquer Cancer Foundation. Through a licensing agreement with Aduro Biotech, Jaffee has the potential to receive royalties in the future..

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If you notice any changes in your vision while taking this drug, notify your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible. Stop using vardenafil right away if you have a loss of sight in one or both eyes. Contact your healthcare provider immediately. Contact your physician immediately if the erection lasts longer than 4 hours or if it becomes painful. This may be a sign of priapism and must be treated immediately to prevent permanent damage. If you experience symptoms of nausea, dizziness, chest pain or arm pain upon initiation of sexual activity after vardenafil use, you should refrain from further activity and should discuss the episode with your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible. Do not change the dose of your medication. Please call your prescriber or health care professional to determine if your dose needs to be reevaluated. Using vardenafil does not protect you or your partner against HIV (the levitra that causes AIDS) or other sexually transmitted diseases.

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With enough training, pigeons can distinguish between the works levitra male enhancement of Picasso and Monet. Ravens can identify themselves in a mirror. And on a university campus in Japan, crows are known to intentionally leave walnuts in a levitra male enhancement crosswalk and let passing traffic do their nut cracking. Many bird species are incredibly smart.

Yet among intelligent animals, the “bird brain” often doesn’t get much respect. Two papers levitra male enhancement published today in Science find birds actually have a brain that is much more similar to our complex primate organ than previously thought. For years it was assumed that the avian brain was limited in function because it lacked a neocortex. In mammals, the neocortex is the hulking, evolutionarily modern outer layer of the brain that allows for complex cognition and creativity and that makes up most of what, in vertebrates as a whole, is called the pallium.

The new findings show that birds’ do, in fact, have a brain structure that is comparable to the neocortex despite taking levitra male enhancement a different shape. It turns out that at a cellular level, the brain region is laid out much like the mammal cortex, explaining why many birds exhibit advanced behaviors and abilities that have long befuddled scientists. The new work even suggests that certain birds demonstrate some degree levitra male enhancement of consciousness. The mammalian cortex is organized into six layers containing vertical columns of neurons that communicate with one another both horizontally and vertically.

The avian brain, on the other hand, was thought to be arranged into discrete collections of neurons called nuclei, including a region called the dorsal ventricular ridge, or DVR, and a single nucleus named the wulst. In one of the new papers, senior author Onur Güntürkün, a neuroscientist at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany, and his colleagues analyzed regions of the DVR levitra male enhancement and wulst involved in sound and vision processing. To do so, they used a technology called three-dimensional polarized light imaging, or 3D-PLI—a light-based microscopy technique that can be employed to visualize nerve fibers in brain samples. The researchers found that in both pigeons and barn owls, these brain regions are constructed much like our neocortex, with both layerlike and columnar organization—and with both horizontal and vertical circuitry.

They confirmed the 3D-PLI levitra male enhancement findings using biocytin tracing, a technique for staining nerve cells. [In a Scientific American article, Güntürkün describes how the avian brain demonstrates surprising cognitive abilities.] “We can now claim that this layered, corticallike organization is indeed a feature of the whole sensory forebrain in most, if not all, birds,” says Martin Stacho, co-lead author of the study and Güntürkün’s colleague at Ruhr University Bochum. €œIt’s not that the DVR is the neocortex,” says Vanderbilt University neuroscientist levitra male enhancement Suzana Herculano-Houzel, who wrote a commentary accompanying the two new papers and was not involved in either of them, “but rather that the whole of the pallium in mammals and in birds has similar developmental origins and connectivity, and therefore [the pallia of both classes] should be considered equivalent structures. Stacho shows that settling for what the naked eye sees can be misleading.” The idea that the DVR was somehow related to the neocortex was proposed in the 1960s by neuroscientist Harvey Karten.

Yet it didn’t stick. Others subsequently claimed the DVR actually corresponded levitra male enhancement with other mammalian brain regions, including the amygdala, which, among other tasks, carries out the processing of emotion. €œThe theory about a DVR [correlation] has been possibly one of the biggest disputes in the field of comparative neurobiology,” Stacho says. But his new work lends credibility to Karten’s original hypothesis.

Stacho and his colleagues think the findings also levitra male enhancement represent a glimpse into ancient animal brain evolution. The last common ancestor of birds and mammals was a reptile that roamed the earth around 320 million years ago. And its brain, the team believes, was probably a precursor to that of the levitra male enhancement two lineages that diverged through evolution. €œNobody knows how exactly the brain of the last common ancestor looked like,” Stacho says.

€œMost likely, it wasn’t like the neocortex or the DVR. It was probably something in between that, in mammals, developed to a six-layered neocortex and, in birds, to the wulst and DVR.” The other new paper, levitra male enhancement by a group at the University of Tübingen in Germany, lends still more insight into the avian brain, suggesting that birds have some ability for sensory consciousness—subjective experiences in which they recall sensory experiences. Consciousness has long been thought to be localized in the cerebral cortex of smart primates—namely, chimps, bonobos and us humans. Yet crows appear to have at least a rudimentary form of sensory consciousness.

In the Tübingen group’s experiment, two carrion crows were trained to recall a previous experience to guide their levitra male enhancement behavior. When their training was completed, they went through a testing phase in which a gray square might appear followed by either a red or blue square 2.5 seconds later. In this exercise, the crows were trained to move their head if they saw a gray square and then a red one. And they learned to keep their head still if they saw a gray square and then a levitra male enhancement blue one.

When the birds saw no stimulus followed by the appearance of a colored square, the sequence was reversed. Blue signaled them to move their head, and levitra male enhancement red told them not to. So to correctly respond to the colored squares, the crows had to recall whether or not they had seen a gray one first—equating to a past subjective experience. It was crucial to the experiment to present the gray square in six different intensities, including at the threshold of the birds’ perception.

This way, lead author and neurobiologist Andreas Nieder and his colleagues could confirm that the crows were not simply carrying levitra male enhancement out conditioned responses to stimuli but instead drawing on a subjective experience. Further, by implanting electrodes in an avian brain region called the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), the researchers were able to monitor activity of individual neurons in response to the stimuli. When the crows viewed a dim gray square at their perceptual threshold, NCL neurons became active in the period between that stimulus and the presentation of a colored square—but only if the crows reported seeing the gray one. If they could not detect that levitra male enhancement square, the neurons remained silent.

This result suggests a unique subjective experience was being manifested through neuronal activity. Nieder does not claim crows have the levitra male enhancement self-conscious existence and self-awareness of apes but simply that the birds can partake in a unique, multipart sensory experience in response to a stimulus. €œI am generally not a big fan of ascribing complex humanlike cognitive states to animals and prefer to maintain a conservative attitude,” he says. €œHumans easily start to project their own mental states to other living (or even nonliving) beings.

But in terms of sensory consciousness in other species, it is probably fair to assume that advanced vertebrates, such as mammals and birds, possess it.” Nieder’s team’s levitra male enhancement findings suggest that the neural underpinnings of sensory consciousness either were in place before mammals evolved or developed independently in both lineages—with the avian line showing that being conscious does not necessarily depend on a bulky cerebral cortex. Work by Herculano-Houzel demonstrates that the brains of corvids—members of a family of so-called “smart birds” such as crows, ravens and magpies—are very densely populated with interconnected neurons. Her studies jibe with the new Science papers. €œWith Güntürkün’s findings that pallium connectivity is indeed very similar between birds levitra male enhancement and mammals..., it all comes together very nicely,” she says, pointing out that the corvid pallium holds about as many neurons as you’d find in primates with a much larger brain.

This latest research also undercuts primate exceptionalism. €œI hope that more people will be tempted to drop the notion that there is something very unique and exclusive about the human brain,” Herculano-Houzel says..

With enough training, pigeons buy bayer levitra can distinguish between the works of you could look here Picasso and Monet. Ravens can identify themselves in a mirror. And on a university campus in Japan, crows are known to intentionally leave walnuts in a crosswalk and let buy bayer levitra passing traffic do their nut cracking.

Many bird species are incredibly smart. Yet among intelligent animals, the “bird brain” often doesn’t get much respect. Two papers published today buy bayer levitra in Science find birds actually have a brain that is much more similar to our complex primate organ than previously thought.

For years it was assumed that the avian brain was limited in function because it lacked a neocortex. In mammals, the neocortex is the hulking, evolutionarily modern outer layer of the brain that allows for complex cognition and creativity and that makes up most of what, in vertebrates as a whole, is called the pallium. The new findings show that buy bayer levitra birds’ do, in fact, have a brain structure that is comparable to the neocortex despite taking a different shape.

It turns out that at a cellular level, the brain region is laid out much like the mammal cortex, explaining why many birds exhibit advanced behaviors and abilities that have long befuddled scientists. The new buy bayer levitra work even suggests that certain birds demonstrate some degree of consciousness. The mammalian cortex is organized into six layers containing vertical columns of neurons that communicate with one another both horizontally and vertically.

The avian brain, on the other hand, was thought to be arranged into discrete collections of neurons called nuclei, including a region called the dorsal ventricular ridge, or DVR, and a single nucleus named the wulst. In one of the new papers, senior author Onur Güntürkün, a neuroscientist at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany, and his colleagues analyzed regions of the DVR and wulst buy bayer levitra involved in sound and vision processing. To do so, they used a technology called three-dimensional polarized light imaging, or 3D-PLI—a light-based microscopy technique that can be employed to visualize nerve fibers in brain samples.

The researchers found that in both pigeons and barn owls, these brain regions are constructed much like our neocortex, with both layerlike and columnar organization—and with both horizontal and vertical circuitry. They confirmed the buy bayer levitra 3D-PLI findings using biocytin tracing, a technique for staining nerve cells. [In a Scientific American article, Güntürkün describes how the avian brain demonstrates surprising cognitive abilities.] “We can now claim that this layered, corticallike organization is indeed a feature of the whole sensory forebrain in most, if not all, birds,” says Martin Stacho, co-lead author of the study and Güntürkün’s colleague at Ruhr University Bochum.

€œIt’s not that the DVR is the neocortex,” says Vanderbilt University neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel, who wrote a commentary accompanying the two new papers and was not buy bayer levitra involved in either of them, “but rather that the whole of the pallium in mammals and in birds has similar developmental origins and connectivity, and therefore [the pallia of both classes] should be considered equivalent structures. Stacho shows that settling for what the naked eye sees can be misleading.” The idea that the DVR was somehow related to the neocortex was proposed in the 1960s by neuroscientist Harvey Karten. Yet it didn’t stick.

Others subsequently claimed the DVR actually corresponded with other mammalian brain buy bayer levitra regions, including the amygdala, which, among other tasks, carries out the processing of emotion. €œThe theory about a DVR [correlation] has been possibly one of the biggest disputes in the field of comparative neurobiology,” Stacho says. But his new work lends credibility to Karten’s original hypothesis.

Stacho and his colleagues think the buy bayer levitra findings also represent a glimpse into ancient animal brain evolution. The last common ancestor of birds and mammals was a reptile that roamed the earth around 320 million years ago. And its brain, the team believes, was probably a precursor buy bayer levitra to that of the two lineages that diverged through evolution.

€œNobody knows how exactly the brain of the last common ancestor looked like,” Stacho says. €œMost likely, it wasn’t like the neocortex or the DVR. It was probably something in between that, in mammals, developed to a six-layered neocortex and, in birds, to the wulst and DVR.” The other new paper, by a group at the University of Tübingen in Germany, lends still more insight into the avian brain, suggesting that birds have buy bayer levitra some ability for sensory consciousness—subjective experiences in which they recall sensory experiences.

Consciousness has long been thought to be localized in the cerebral cortex of smart primates—namely, chimps, bonobos and us humans. Yet crows appear to have at least a rudimentary form of sensory consciousness. In the Tübingen group’s experiment, two carrion buy bayer levitra crows were trained to recall a previous experience to guide their behavior.

When their training was completed, they went through a testing phase in which a gray square might appear followed by either a red or blue square 2.5 seconds later. In this exercise, the crows were trained to move their head if they saw a gray square and then a red one. And they learned to keep their head still if they saw a gray buy bayer levitra square and then a blue one.

When the birds saw no stimulus followed by the appearance of a colored square, the sequence was reversed. Blue signaled them to move their head, and buy bayer levitra red told them not to. So to correctly respond to the colored squares, the crows had to recall whether or not they had seen a gray one first—equating to a past subjective experience.

It was crucial to the experiment to present the gray square in six different intensities, including at the threshold of the birds’ perception. This way, lead author buy bayer levitra and neurobiologist Andreas Nieder and his colleagues could confirm that the crows were not simply carrying out conditioned responses to stimuli but instead drawing on a subjective experience. Further, by implanting electrodes in an avian brain region called the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), the researchers were able to monitor activity of individual neurons in response to the stimuli.

When the crows viewed a dim gray square at their perceptual threshold, NCL neurons became active in the period between that stimulus and the presentation of a colored square—but only if the crows reported seeing the gray one. If they could not detect buy bayer levitra that square, the neurons remained silent. This result suggests a unique subjective experience was being manifested through neuronal activity.

Nieder does not claim crows have the self-conscious existence and self-awareness of apes but simply that the birds can partake in buy bayer levitra a unique, multipart sensory experience in response to a stimulus. €œI am generally not a big fan of ascribing complex humanlike cognitive states to animals and prefer to maintain a conservative attitude,” he says. €œHumans easily start to project their own mental states to other living (or even nonliving) beings.

But in terms of sensory consciousness in other species, it is probably fair to assume that advanced vertebrates, such as mammals and birds, possess it.” Nieder’s team’s findings suggest that the neural underpinnings of sensory consciousness either buy bayer levitra were in place before mammals evolved or developed independently in both lineages—with the avian line showing that being conscious does not necessarily depend on a bulky cerebral cortex. Work by Herculano-Houzel demonstrates that the brains of corvids—members of a family of so-called “smart birds” such as crows, ravens and magpies—are very densely populated with interconnected neurons. Her studies jibe with the new Science papers.

€œWith Güntürkün’s findings that pallium connectivity is indeed very similar between birds and mammals..., it all comes buy bayer levitra together very nicely,” she says, pointing out that the corvid pallium holds about as many neurons as you’d find in primates with a much larger brain. This latest research also undercuts primate exceptionalism. €œI hope that more people will be tempted to drop the notion that there is something very unique and exclusive about the human brain,” Herculano-Houzel says..

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N/A 2020-12-17 2026-12-17 Yes 2029-06-17 mepolizumab 179850 Nucala GlaxoSmithKline Inc. N/A 2015-12-03 2021-12-03 Yes 2024-06-03 midostaurin 201101 Rydapt Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2017-07-21 2023-07-21 Yes 2026-01-21 mifepristone 160063 Mifegymiso Linepharma International Limited N/A 2015-07-29 2021-07-29 Yes 2024-01-29 migalastat hydrochloride 196956 Galafold Amicus Therapeutics UK LTD N/A 2017-09-05 2023-09-05 N/A 2025-09-05 modified vaccinia levitra (ankara-bavarian nordic) 144762 Imvamune Bavarian Nordic A/S N/A 2013-11-21 2019-11-21 N/A 2021-11-21 naloxegol oxalate 167790 Movantik Knight Therapeutics Inc. N/A 2015-06-02 2021-06-02 N/A 2023-06-02 necitumumab 193689 Portrazza Eli Lilly Canada Inc. N/A 2017-03-16 2023-03-16 N/A 2025-03-16 neisseria meningitidis serogroup A polysaccharide, neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide, neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 polysaccharide, neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y polysaccharide, conjugated to tetanus toxoid carrier protein 154290 Nimenrix Pfizer Canada Inc.

N/A 2013-03-05 2019-03-05 Yes 2021-09-05 neisseria meningitidis serogroup B recombinant lipoprotein 2086 (rLP2086) subfamily A and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B recombinant lipoprotein 2086 (rLP2086) subfamily B 195550 Trumenba Pfizer Canada Inc. N/A 2017-10-05 2023-10-05 Yes 2026-04-05 neratinib maleate 218224 Nerlynx Knight Therapeutics Inc. N/A 2019-07-16 2025-07-16 N/A 2027-07-16 netupitant 196495 Akynzeo Elvium Life Sciences N/A 2017-09-28 2023-09-28 N/A 2025-09-28 nintedanib (supplied as nintedanib esilate) 176043 Ofev Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd N/A 2015-06-25 2021-06-25 N/A 2023-06-25 niraparib 216792 Zejula GlaxoSmithKline Inc. N/A 2019-06-27 2025-06-27 N/A 2027-06-27 nivolumab 180828 Opdivo Bristol-Myers-Squibb Canada N/A 2015-09-25 2021-09-25 Yes 2024-03-25 nusinersen 200070 Spinraza Biogen Canada Inc. N/A 2017-06-29 2023-06-29 Yes 2025-12-29 obeticholic acid 198418 Ocaliva Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc.

N/A 2017-05-24 2023-05-24 N/A 2025-05-24 obiltoxaximab 230825 Anthim Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. N/A 2020-07-30 2026-07-30 N/A 2028-07-30 obinutuzumab 168227 Gazyva Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2014-11-25 2020-11-25 N/A 2022-11-25 ocrelizumab 198094 Ocrevus Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2017-08-14 2023-08-14 N/A 2025-08-14 ocriplasmin 161356 Jetrea ThromboGenics N.V. N/A 2013-08-13 2019-08-13 N/A 2021-08-13 olaparib 182823 Lynparza AstraZeneca Canada Inc. N/A 2016-04-29 2022-04-29 N/A 2024-04-29 olaratumab 203478 Lartruvo Eli Lilly Canada Inc. N/A 2017-11-23 2023-11-23 N/A 2025-11-23 ombitasvir, paritaprevir, dasabuvir sodium 174739 Holkira Pak Abbvie Corporation Technivie 2014-12-22 2020-12-22 N/A 2022-12-22 onasemnogene abeparvovec 239719 Zolgensma Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.

N/A 2020-12-15 2026-12-15 Yes 2029-06-15 osimertinib mesylate 188171 Tagrisso AstraZeneca Canada Inc. N/A 2016-07-05 2022-07-05 N/A 2024-07-05 ozanimod (supplied as ozanimod hydrochloride) 232761 Zeposia Celgene Inc. N/A 2020-10-02 2026-10-02 N/A 2028-10-02 ozenoxacin 192925 Ozanex Ferrer Internacional, S.A. N/A 2017-05-01 2023-05-01 Yes 2025-11-01 palbociclib 182048 Ibrance Pfizer Canada Inc. N/A 2016-03-16 2022-03-16 N/A 2024-03-16 pasireotide diaspartate 145005 Signifor Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.

Signifor Lar 2013-09-23 2019-09-23 N/A 2021-09-23 patiromer sorbitex calcium 210368 Veltassa Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma Ltd. N/A 2018-10-03 2024-10-03 N/A 2026-10-03 patisiran (as patisiran sodium) 221896 Onpattro Alnylam Netherlands B.V. N/A 2019-06-07 2025-06-07 N/A 2027-06-07 peginterferon beta-1a 166974 Plegridy Biogen Idec Canada Inc. N/A 2015-08-10 2021-08-10 N/A 2023-08-10 pembrolizumab 175884 Keytruda Merck Canada Inc. N/A 2015-05-19 2021-05-19 Yes 2023-11-19 peramivir 191280 Rapivab BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc.

N/A 2017-01-05 2023-01-05 N/A 2025-01-05 perampanel 153747 Fycompa Eisai Limited N/A 2013-04-04 2019-04-04 Yes 2021-10-04 pitolisant hydrochloride 238175 Wakik Endo Ventures Ltd. N/A 2021-05-25 2027-05-25 N/A 2029-05-25 plecanatide 215288 Trulance Bausch Health, Canada Inc. N/A 2019-10-10 2025-10-10 N/A 2027-10-10 polatuzumab vedotin 232303 Polivy Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2020-07-09 2026-07-09 N/A 2028-07-09 polidocanol 177359 Varithena Provensis Ltd. N/A 2015-08-04 2021-08-04 N/A 2023-08-04 pomalidomide 165891 Pomalyst Celgene Inc. N/A 2014-01-20 2020-01-20 Yes 2022-07-20 pralatrexate 207545 Folotyn Servier Canada Inc.

N/A 2018-10-26 2024-10-26 N/A 2026-10-26 pralsetinib 243731 Gavreto Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2021-06-30 2027-06-30 N/A 2029-06-30 prasterone 198822 Intrarosa Endoceutics Inc. N/A 2019-11-01 2025-11-01 N/A 2027-11-01 ponatinib hydrochloride 165121 Iclusig Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc. N/A 2015-04-02 2021-04-02 N/A 2023-04-02 ponesimod 239537 Ponvory Janssen Inc. N/A 2021-04-28 2027-04-28 N/A 2029-04-28 propiverine hydrochloride 188323 Mictoryl / Mictoryl Pediatric Duchesnay Inc. N/A 2017-01-05 2023-01-05 Yes 2025-07-05 radium - 223 dichloride 161312 Xofigo Bayer Inc.

N/A 2013-12-12 2019-12-12 N/A 2021-12-12 ramucirumab 176810 Cyramza Eli Lilly Canada Inc. N/A 2015-07-16 2021-07-16 N/A 2023-07-16 ravulizumab 217955 Ultomiris Alexion Pharma GmbH N/A 2019-08-28 2025-08-28 N/A 2027-08-28 recombinant haemagglutinin protein-strain A (H1N1) recombinant haemagglutinin protein-strain A (H3N2) recombinant haemagglutinin protein-strain B (Victoria) recombinant haemagglutinin protein-strain B (Yamagata) 235672 Supemtek Sanofi Pasteur Limited N/A 2021-01-14 2027-01-14 N/A 2029-01-14 recombinant human papillomalevitra types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 170006 Gardasil 9 Merck Canada Inc. N/A 2015-02-05 2021-02-05 Yes 2023-08-05 recombinant neisseria meningitidis group B NHBA fusion protein, recombinant neisseria meningitidis group B NadA protein, recombinant neisseria meningitidis group B FHBP fusion protein, outer membrane vesicle (neisseria meningitidis group B NZ98/254 strain) 147275 Bexsero GlaxoSmithKline Inc. N/A 2013-12-06 2019-12-06 Yes 2022-06-06 recombinant porcine factor VIII (antihemophilic factor (recombinant), porcine sequence) 177290 Obizur Takeda Canada Inc. N/A 2015-10-14 2021-10-14 N/A 2023-10-14 regorafenib monohydrate 157970 Stivarga Bayer Inc.

N/A 2013-03-11 2019-03-11 Yes 2021-09-11 remdesivir 240551 Veklury Gilead Sciences Canada, Inc. N/A 2020-07-27 2026-07-27 N/A 2028-07-27 reslizumab 185873 Cinqair Teva Canada Limited N/A 2016-07-20 2022-07-20 Yes 2025-01-20 ribociclib (supplied as ribociclib succinate) 203884 Kisqali Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2018-03-02 2024-03-02 N/A 2026-03-02 rifaximin 161256 Zaxine Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. N/A 2013-08-13 2019-08-13 N/A 2021-08-13 riociguat 162761 Adempas Bayer Inc. N/A 2013-09-19 2019-09-19 N/A 2021-09-19 ripretinib 234688 Qinlock Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC N/A 2020-06-19 2026-06-19 N/A 2028-06-19 risankizumab 215753 Skyrizi AbbVie Corporation N/A 2019-04-17 2025-04-17 N/A 2027-04-17 risdiplam 242373 Evrysdi Hoffman-La Roche Limited N/A 2021-04-14 2027-04-14 Yes 2029-10-14 romidepsin 152293 Istodax Celgene Inc.

N/A 2013-10-16 2019-10-16 N/A 2021-10-16 romosozumab 197713 Evenity Amgen Canada Inc. N/A 2019-06-17 2025-06-17 N/A 2027-06-17 rupatadine (supplied as rupatadine fumarate) 186488 Rupall Medexus Pharmaceuticals Inc. N/A 2016-07-20 2022-07-20 Yes 2025-01-20 sacubitril 182734 Entresto Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2015-10-02 2021-10-02 N/A 2023-10-02 safinamide (as safinamide mesylate) 207115 Onstryv Valeo Pharma Inc. N/A 2019-01-10 2025-01-10 N/A 2027-01-10 sarilumab 191745 Kevzara Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc.

N/A 2017-01-12 2023-01-12 N/A 2025-01-12 satralizumab 233642 Enspryng Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2020-06-01 2026-06-01 Yes 2028-12-01 sebelipase alfa 204085 Kanuma Alexion Pharma GmbH N/A 2017-12-15 2023-12-15 Yes 2026-06-15 secukinumab 170732 Cosentyx Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2015-02-27 2021-02-27 Yes 2023-08-27 selexipag 182114 Uptravi Janssen Inc. N/A 2016-01-20 2022-01-20 N/A 2024-01-20 selpercatinib 243748 Retevmo Loxo Oncology Inc. N/A 2021-06-15 2027-06-15 Yes 2029-12-15 semaglutide 202059 Ozempic Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Rybelsus 2018-01-04 2024-01-04 N/A 2026-01-04 siltuximab 174291 Sylvant EUSA Pharma (UK) Limited N/A 2014-12-03 2020-12-03 N/A 2022-12-03 simeprevir 164021 Galexos Janssen Inc.

N/A 2013-11-18 2019-11-18 N/A 2021-11-18 siponimod 223225 Mayzent Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2020-02-20 2026-02-20 N/A 2028-02-20 sodium zirconium cyclosilicate 218799 Lokelma AstraZeneca Canada Inc. N/A 2019-07-25 2025-07-25 N/A 2027-07-25 sofosbuvir 165043 Sovaldi Gilead Sciences Canada Inc. HarvoniEpclusaVosevi 2013-12-13 2019-12-13 N/A 2021-12-13 solriamfetol hydrochloride 237511 Sunosi Jazz Pharmaceuticals Ireland Ltd. N/A 2021-05-13 2027-05-13 N/A 2029-11-13 sonidegib phosphate 229407 Odomzo Sun Pharma Global FZE N/A 2020-06-12 2026-06-12 N/A 2028-06-12 sucroferric oxyhydroxide 201492 Velphoro Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma Ltd.

N/A 2018-01-05 2024-01-05 N/A 2026-01-05 sugammadex sodium 180385 Bridion Merck Canada Inc. N/A 2016-02-05 2022-02-05 N/A 2024-02-05 suvorexant 196367 Belsomra Merck Canada Inc. N/A 2018-11-29 2024-11-29 N/A 2026-11-29 tafamidis meglumine 228368 Vyndaqel Pfizer Canada ULC Vyndamax 2020-01-20 2026-01-20 N/A 2028-01-20 tafluprost 165596 Saflutan Purdue Pharma N/A 2014-05-26 2020-05-26 N/A 2022-05-26 talazoparib (supplied as talazoparib tosylate) 220584 Talzenna Pfizer Canada ULC N/A 2019-09-06 2025-09-06 N/A 2027-09-06 taliglucerase alfa 140854 Elelyso Pfizer Canada Inc. N/A 2014-05-29 2020-05-29 Yes 2022-11-29 tedizolid phosphate 173603 Sivextro Merck Canada Inc. N/A 2015-03-17 2021-03-17 N/A 2023-03-17 teduglutide 180223 Revestive Takeda Canada Inc.

N/A 2015-09-04 2021-09-04 Yes 2024-03-04 telotristat ethyl (as telotristat etiprate) 208730 Xermelo Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2018-10-10 2024-10-10 N/A 2026-10-10 tenapanor hydrochloride 224850 Ibsrela Knight Therapeutics Inc. N/A 2020-04-15 2026-04-15 N/A 2028-04-15 tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate 181399 Genvoya Gilead Sciences Canada Inc. DescovyOdefseyVemlidySymtuzaBiktarvy 2015-11-27 2021-11-27 Yes 2024-05-27 tepotinib (supplied as tepotinib hydrochloride) 242300 Tepmetko EMD Serono, a Division of EMD Inc., Canada N/A 2021-05-27 2027-05-27 N/A 2029-05-27 teriflunomide 160646 Aubagio Genzyme Canada a division of Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. N/A 2013-11-14 2019-11-14 Yes 2022-05-14 tesamorelin 131836 Egrifta Theratechnologies Inc.

N/A 2014-04-29 2020-04-29 N/A 2022-04-29 tezacaftor 211292 Symdeko Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated N/A 2018-06-27 2024-06-27 Yes 2026-12-27 tildrakizumab 224036 Ilumya Sun Pharma Global FZE N/A 2021-05-19 2027-05-19 N/A 2029-05-19 tisagenlecleucel 213547 / 213698 Kymriah Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2018-09-05 2024-09-05 Yes 2027-03-05 tofacitinib 154642 Xeljanz Pfizer Canada Inc. N/A 2014-04-17 2020-04-17 Yes 2022-10-17 trametinib 157665 Mekinist Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2013-07-18 2019-07-18 N/A 2021-07-18 trastuzumab deruxtecan 242104 Enhertu AstraZeneca Canada Inc. N/A 2021-04-15 2027-04-15 N/A 2029-04-15 trastuzumab emtansine 162414 Kadcyla Hoffmann-La Roche Limited N/A 2013-09-11 2019-09-11 N/A 2021-09-11 trifarotene 221945 Aklief Galderma Canada Inc.

N/A 2019-11-25 2025-11-25 Yes 2028-05-25 tipiracil hydrochloride 205852 Lonsurf Taiho Pharma Canada Inc. N/A 2018-01-25 2024-01-25 N/A 2026-01-25 triheptanoin 242196 Dojolvi Uagenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. N/A 2021-02-15 2027-02-15 Yes 2029-08-15 tucatinib 235295 Tukysa Seagen Inc. N/A 2020-06-05 2026-06-05 N/A 2028-06-05 turoctocog alfa 170796 Zonovate Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. N/A 2014-12-08 2020-12-08 Yes 2023-06-08 umeclidinium bromide 161585 Anoro Ellipta GlaxoSmithKline Inc.

Incruse Ellipta 2013-12-23 2019-12-23 N/A 2021-12-23 upadacitinib 223734 Rinvoq AbbVie Corporation N/A 2019-12-23 2025-12-23 N/A 2027-12-23 varicella-zoster levitra glycoprotein E (gE) 200244 Shingrix GlaxoSmithKline Inc. N/A 2017-10-13 2023-10-13 N/A 2025-10-13 vedolizumab 169414 Entyvio Takeda Canada Inc. N/A 2015-01-29 2021-01-29 Yes 2023-07-29 velpatasvir 190521 Epclusa Gilead Sciences Canada Inc. Vosevi 2016-07-11 2022-07-11 Yes 2025-01-11 venetoclax 190761 Venclexta AbbVie Corporation N/A 2016-09-30 2022-09-30 N/A 2024-09-30 vernakalant hydrochloride 190817 Brinavess Cipher Pharmaceuticals Inc. N/A 2017-03-13 2023-03-13 N/A 2025-03-13 vilanterol trifenatate 157301 Breo Ellipta GlaxoSmithKline Inc.

Anoro ElliptaTrelegy Ellipta 2013-07-03 2019-07-03 Yes 2022-01-03 vilazodone hydrochloride 176820 Viibryd Allergan Inc. N/A 2015-07-16 2021-07-16 Yes 2024-01-16 von willebrand factor (recombinant) (vonicog alfa) 213188 Vonvendi Takeda Canada Inc. N/A 2019-01-10 2025-01-10 N/A 2027-01-10 vorapaxar sulfate 179320 Zontivity Toprol Acquisition LLC N/A 2016-05-13 2022-05-13 N/A 2024-05-13 voretigene neparvovec 233097 Luxturna Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. N/A 2020-10-13 2026-10-13 Yes 2029-04-13 vortioxetine hydrobromide 159019 Trintellix Lundbeck Canada Inc. N/A 2014-10-22 2020-10-22 Yes 2023-04-22 voxilaprevir 202324 Vosevi Gilead Sciences Canada Inc.

N/A 2017-08-16 2023-08-16 N/A 2025-08-16 zanubrutinib 242748 Brukinsa BeiGene Switzerland GmbH N/A 2021-03-01 2027-03-01 N/A 2029-03-01On this page June 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates June 2021(PDF, 101 KB, 4 pages) June 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Altace HCT 246597 Hydrochlorothiazide, Ramipril Bausch Health, Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Aspirin 81 mg, Aspirin 81 mg Quick Chews, Aspirin Regular Strength, Aspirin Extra Strength 248124 Acetylsalicylic Acid Bayer Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Bricanyl Turbuhaler 239089 Terbutaline Sulfate AstraZeneca Canada Inc Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Cellcept, Cellcept I.V. 248429 Mycophenolate Mofetil Hoffmann-La Roche Limited No Yes No No No No No Yes Cipro XL 248371 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Bayer Inc Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Cipro, Cipro Oral Suspension 248370 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Bayer Inc Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Clozaril 247538 Clozapine HLS Therapeutics Inc No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Combogesic 248697 Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen Biosyent Pharma Inc No No No Yes No Yes No No Efudex 246337 Fluorouracil Bausch Health, Canada Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Epclusa 247195 Velpatasvir, Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Erleada 241210 Apalutamide Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Harvoni 247194 Ledipasvir, Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Hemangiol 247151 Propranolol Hcl Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Idamycin PFS 249085 Idarubicin Hcl Pfizer Canada ULC No No No Yes No No No Yes Imbruvica 248172 Ibrutinib Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Inderal-LA 248972 Propranolol Hcl Pfizer Canada ULC No No No Yes No No No Yes Jakavi 247787 Ruxolitinib Phosphate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Lorbrena 247174 Lorlatinib Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Lynparza 249369 Olaparib AstraZeneca Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Manerix 246047 Moclobemide Bausch Health, Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maxidol Liquid Gels 248432 Naproxen Sodium Bayer Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Nerlynx 242449 Neratinib Maleate Knight Therapeutics Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Ofev 241747 Nintedanib Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Orgalutran 248614 Ganirelix Acetate Organon Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Pat-Galantamine ER 248978 Galantamine Hydrobromide Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Piqray 248616 Alpelisib Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Ralivia 246159 Tramadol Hcl Bausch Health, Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Retrovir (AZT) 249459 Zidovudine ViiV Healthcare ULC No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Rinvoq 241253 Upadacitinib Abbvie Corporation No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Rivotril 245341 Clonazepam Hoffmann-La Roche Limited No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Rydapt 247829 Midostaurin Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Sandoz Zopiclone Tablet 247527 Zopiclone Sandoz Canada Incorporated No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Sovaldi 247196 Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Synalar 247002 Fluocinolone Acetonide Bausch Health, Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Tapazole 246350 Methimazole Paladin Labs Inc No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Toviaz 248542 Fesoterodine Fumarate Pfizer Canada ULC Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Trileptal 247670 Oxcarbazepine Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Valium 245343 Diazepam Hoffmann-La Roche Limited No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Vaseretic 247516 Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide Organon Canada Inc No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Vasotec 247519 Enalapril Maleate Organon Canada Inc No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Wellbutrin XL 247849 Bupropion Hcl Bausch Health, Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Zyban 247564 Bupropion Hcl Bausch Health, Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Zyvoxam 248930 Linezolid Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes May 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates May 2021(PDF, 90 KB, 2 pages) May 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &.

Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Afinitor, Afinitor Disperz 247570 Everolimus Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Androcur, Androcur Depot 245903 Cyproterone Acetate Bayer Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Apo-Clobazam 245505 Clobazam Apotex Inc No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Ativan 245317 Lorazepam Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Aubagio 247354 Teriflunomide Sanofi Genzyme, A Division of Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Biktarvy 240953 Emtricitabine, Bictegravir Sodium, Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Ceftriaxone Sodium for Injection 246728 Ceftriaxone Sodium Teva Canada Limited No No No Yes No No No Yes Depakene 247699 Valproic Acid BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Diastat 245322 Diazepam Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America Llc No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Diazepam Injection USP 245324 Diazepam Sandoz Canada Incorporated Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Epival 247581 Divalproex Sodium BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Eucrisa 240171 Crisaborole Pfizer Canada ULC No No No No Yes No No Yes Lorazepam Injection USP 245339 Lorazepam Sandoz Canada Incorporated No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Mayzent 245078 Siponimod Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Ofev 247352 Nintedanib Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prinivil 247696 Lisinopril Merck Canada Inc No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Sevorane AF 246821 Sevoflurane Abbvie Corporation No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Soliqua 247226 Lixisenatide, Insulin Glargine Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Tegretol 247229 Carbamazepine Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Toloxin 246803 Digoxin Pendopharm Division of Pharmascience Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Topamax 247698 Topiramate Janssen Inc Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Trelegy Ellipta 240101 Umeclidinium Bromide, Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate GlaxoSmithKline Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Vitrakvi 241249 Larotrectinib Sulfate Bayer Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Vosevi 247191 Voxilaprevir, Velpatasvir, Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Xanax,Xanax TS 245344 Alprazolam Upjohn Canada ULC No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Xylocard 246218 Lidocaine Hcl Aspen Pharmacare Canada Inc. Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes April 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates April 2021(PDF, 84.6 KB, 2 pages) April 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &.

Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Avalide 246609 Hydrochlorothiazide, Irbesartan Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Avapro 246866 Irbesartan Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Docetaxel Injection USP 246984 Docetaxel Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Duodopa 245733 Levodopa, Carbidopa Monohydrate AbbVie Corporation No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection USP 237401 Hydromorphone Hcl Sandoz Canada Incorporated No No No No No Yes Yes No Iressa 246584 Gefitinib AstraZeneca Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Kazano 243901 Metformin Hcl, Alogliptin Benzoate Takeda Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Naproxen Capsules200 Mg 245549 Naproxen Catalent Ontario Limited No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Nesina 243900 Alogliptin Benzoate Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Nexplanon 247049 Etonogestrel Organon Canada Inc. No Yes No No No No No Yes Opsumit 246750 Macitentan Janssen Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Reactine Fast Melt Junior 246339 Cetirizine Hydrochloride McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division of Johnson &. Johnson Inc No No No No No No No Yes Sandostatin, Sandostatin LAR 247160 Octreotide Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No No No Yes No No Yes No Seroquel, Seroquel XR >246849 Quetiapine Fumarate AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Sinemet 246915 Carbidopa Monohydrate, Levodopa Organon Canada Inc. No No No No No Yes No Yes Vosevi >245142 Voxilaprevir, Velpatasvir, Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Xeloda 247293 Capecitabine Hoffmann La Roche Limited No No No Yes No No No Yes Zenhale 239493 Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate, Mometasone Furoate Organon Canada Inc.

No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes March 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates March 2021(PDF, 108 KB, 3 pages) March 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Abilify Maintena 237149 Aripiprazole Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Accuretic 244863 Hydrochlorothiazide, Quinapril Hcl Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Aldactazide 25, Aldactazide 50 244911 Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Alunbrig 237680 Brigatinib Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Asacol 245536 Mesalazine Allergan Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Asacol 800 245722 Mesalazine Allergan Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Balversa 245919 Erdafitinib Janssen Inc No No No No Yes No No No Belsomra 244781 Suvorexant Merck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Buscopan 245198 Hyoscine Butylbromide Sanofi Consumer Health Inc Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Cellcept 245034 Mycophenolate Mofetil Hydrochloride, Mycophenolate Mofetil Hoffmann La Roche Limited No No No Yes No No No Yes Children's Advil 244560 Ibuprofen GlaxoSmithkKine Consumer Healthcare ULC No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Cymbalta 245810 Duloxetine Hcl Eli Lilly Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus 243742 Fluticasone Propionate GlaxoSmithkKine Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Gemcitabine Injection 245820 Gemcitabine Hcl Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No No No No Glatect 244549 Glatiramer Acetate Pharmascience Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Glyxambi 243907 Linagliptin, Empagliflozin Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No No No Yes No No No Yes Imbruvica 238064 Ibrutinib Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Invanz 245199 Ertapenem Sodium Merck Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Jentadueto 243906 Metformin Hcl, Linagliptin Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No No No Yes No No No Yes Jorveza 238101 Budesonide Avir Pharma Inc No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Lynparza 246316 Olaparib AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Maviret 245141 Pibrentasvir, Glecaprevir Abbvie Corporation Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Mekinist 245843 Trametinib Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Motrin Liquid Gels 200 Mg, Motrin Liquid Gels 400 Mg 244305 Ibuprofen McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division of Johnson &. Johnson Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Neupro 245289 Rotigotine UCB Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Nolvadex-D 243317 Tamoxifen Citrate AstraZeneca Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Octostim 244562 Desmopressin Acetate Ferring Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Onbrez Breezhaler 245077 Indacaterol Maleate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Onpattro 245256 Patisiran Sodium Alnylam Netherlands B.V.

No Yes No Yes No No No Yes PMS-Methadone 241778 Methadone Hydrochloride Paladin Labs Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prevacid, Prevacid Fastab 241989 Lansoprazole Takeda Pharmaceuticals America Inc No Yes No Yes No No No No Radicava 245593 Edaravone Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation No No No No No Yes No No Sandoz Methylphenidate SR 244991 Methylphenidate Hcl Sandoz Canada Incorporated No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Sandoz Perindopril Erbumine/Indapamide LD, Sandoz Perindopril Erbumine/Indapamide, Sandoz Perindopril Erbumine/Indapamide HD 244537 Indapamide, Perindopril Erbumine Sandoz Canada Incorporated Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Septra Injection 245929 Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Aspen Pharmacare Canada Inc. No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Serevent Diskus 243734 Salmeterol Xinafoate GlaxoSmithKline Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Solu-Medrol, Solu-Medrol Act-O-Vials 245362 Methylprednisolone Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No No No No No No Somatuline Autogel 245315 Lanreotide Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Canada Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Tafinlar 245834 Dabrafenib Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Thalomid 244994 Thalidomide Celgene Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Trintellix 237793 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide Lundbeck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Viibryd 237588 Vilazodone Hydrochloride Allergan Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Vocabria, Cabenuva 238803 Rilpivirine, Cabotegravir ViiV Healthcare ULC Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Zepatier 245140 Grazoprevir, Elbasvir Merck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes February 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates February 2021(PDF, 83 KB, 2 pages) February 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Abilify 242200 Aripiprazole Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Aleve Caplets 243112 Naproxen Sodium Bayer Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Aubagio 243821 Teriflunomide Sanofi Genzyme, A Division of Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Belkyra 242465 Deoxycholic Acid Kythera Biopharmaceuticals Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Biktarvy 237235 Emtricitabine, Bictegravir Sodium, Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Bridion 237151 Sugammadex Merck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No No Clobex Spray 244309 Clobetasol Propionate Galderma Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Definity 242706 Perflutren Lantheus MI Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No No Depo-Medrol 245381 Methylprednisolone Acetate Pfizer Canada ULC No No No No No Yes No No Diflucan One 244031 Fluconazole Pfizer Canada ULC No No No No Yes No No Yes Metadol 241772 Methadone Hydrochloride Paladin Labs Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Metadol-D 241773 Methadone Hydrochloride Paladin Labs Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Mycobutin 244143 Rifabutin Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Myleran 243043 Busulfan Aspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.

No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Ninlaro 244191 Ixazomib Citrate Takeda Canada Inc No No No No No No Yes Yes Pomalyst 243491 Pomalidomide Celgene Inc No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Revatio 237407 Sildenafil Citrate Upjohn Canada ULC No No No Yes No No No No Sabril 244467 Vigabatrin Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals LLC No Yes No No No Yes No No Salofalk 242059 Mesalazine Aptalis Pharma Canada ULC No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Salofalk 242468 Mesalazine Aptalis Pharma Canada ULC No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Salofalk 242774 Mesalazine Aptalis Pharma Canada ULC No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Seasonale 245618 Levonorgestrel, Ethinyl Estradiol Teva Canada Limited Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Seasonique 245619 Levonorgestrel, Ethinyl Estradiol Teva Canada Limited Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Stieva-A 244142 Tretinoin GlaxoSmithKline Inc No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Symbicort Turbuhaler 244507 Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate, Budesonide AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Teveten Plus 244660 Hydrochlorothiazide, Eprosartan Mesylate BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Trajenta 243905 Linagliptin Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No No No Yes No No No Yes Trintellix 243819 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide Lundbeck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Vfend 243931 Voriconazole Pfizer Canada ULC Yes No No No Yes No No Yes January 2021Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates January 2021(PDF, 83 KB, 2 pages) January 2021 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Addyi 229727 Flibanserin Searchlight Pharma Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Aptivus 242983 Tipranavir Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Entocort Enema 242607 Budesonide Tillotts Pharma GmbH Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fycompa 235549 Perampanel Eisai Limited No Yes No No Yes No No No Kyleena 243730 Levonorgestrel Bayer Inc No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Kyprolis 237196 Carfilzomib Amgen Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Micardis Plus 242123 Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Monistat Derm Cream 242581 Miconazole Nitrate Insight Pharmaceuticals LLC No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Omnipaque 180, Omnipaque 240, Omnipaque 300, Omnipaque 350 242219 Iohexol GE Healthcare Canada Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Retin-A 235656 Tretinoin Bausch Health, Canada Inc. Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Rozlytrek 242028 Entrectinib Hoffmann La Roche Limited No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Sinemet 240018 Carbidopa, Levodopa Merck Canada Inc No No No No No Yes No No Tagrisso 243288 Osimertinib Mesylate AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Tivicay 235583 Dolutegravir Sodium ViiV Healthcare ULC No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Trelstar 239594 Triptorelin Pamoate Knight Therapeutics Inc.

No No No No No No No Yes Venclexta 243474 Venetoclax Abbvie Corporation No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Xarelto 234756 Rivaroxaban Bayer Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Xylac 243159 Loxapine Succinate Pendopharm Division of Pharmascience Inc No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Ziagen 243476 Abacavir Sulfate ViiV Healthcare ULC No No No No Yes No No Yes Zytiga 244273 Abiraterone Acetate Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes December 2020Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates December 2020(PDF, 103 KB, 3 pages) December 2020 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(S) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Abilify Maintena 242346 Aripiprazole Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd No Yes No Yes No No No No Accel-Sevelamer 239213 Sevelamer Carbonate Accel Pharma Inc No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Adderall XR 241496 Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Advagraf 241431 Tacrolimus Astellas Pharma Canada Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Asmanex Twisthaler 241482 Mometasone Furoate Merck Canada Inc No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Biktarvy 242750 Emtricitabine, Bictegravir Sodium, Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Caduet 241827 Atorvastatin Calcium, Amlodipine Besylate Upjohn Canada ULC Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Caripul 241742 Epoprostenol Sodium Janssen Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Dexilant 241999 Dexlansoprazole Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No No Duotrav PQ 242431 Travoprost, Timolol Maleate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Erythrocin I.V. 241362 Erythromycin Lactobionate Amdipharm Limited Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Gilenya 242144 Fingolimod Hydrochloride Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Idhifa 242218 Enasidenib Mesylate Celgene Inc No No No No Yes No No No Imbruvica 235706 Ibrutinib Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Invanz 238455 Ertapenem Sodium Merck Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Invega 241812 Paliperidone Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Invega Sustenna 241862 Paliperidone Palmitate Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Invega Trinza 241830 Paliperidone Palmitate Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Keppra 242697 Levetiracetam UCB Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Kisqali 237555 Ribociclib Succinate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No No Lenvima 242453 Lenvatinib Mesylate Eisai Limited No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Lipitor 241951 Atorvastatin Calcium Upjohn Canada ULC Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Luvox 238347 Fluvoxamine Maleate BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No No No No No No Mavenclad 238626 Cladribine EMD Serono a Division of EMD Inc Canada Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Moviprep 238575 Polyethylene Glycol 3350, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate, Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous Aralez Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Olmetec 241065 Olmesartan Medoxomil Merck Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Olmetec Plus 241145 Hydrochlorothiazide, Olmesartan Medoxomil Merck Canada Inc Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Onivyde 243509 Irinotecan Sucrose Octasulfate Servier Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Onstryv 242236 Safinamide Valeo Pharma Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Pantoloc 242003 Pantoprazole Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No No Pediapred 243283 Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Prograf 241489 Tacrolimus Astellas Pharma Canada Inc No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Prolensa 238790 Bromfenac Sodium Sesquihydrate Bausch &.

Lomb Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Remeron 242352 Mirtazapine Merck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Remeron RD 242354 Mirtazapine Merck Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Rexulti 242419 Brexpiprazole Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Rifadin 241843 Rifampin Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Risperdal 241861 Risperidone Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Risperdal Consta 241839 Risperidone Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Stribild 238174 Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Cobicistat, Elvitegravir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc Yes No No No No No No Yes Tecta 242002 Pantoprazole Magnesium Takeda Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No No Teva-Loperamide 240985 Loperamide Hcl Teva Canada Limited No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Uam 241841 Tramadol Hcl Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes November 2020Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates November 2020(PDF, 91 KB, 2 pages) November 2020 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(S) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Adlyxine 240740 Lixisenatide Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Advil Cold &. Sinus Convenience Pack 240564 Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrine Hcl, Chlorpheniramine Maleate GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Inc Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Advil Day/Night Convenience Pack 240575 Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine Hcl GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Auro-Cefixime 239750 Cefixime Auro Pharma Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Avalide 241361 Hydrochlorothiazide, Irbesartan Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Avapro 241360 Irbesartan Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Azarga 242484 Timolol Maleate, Brinzolamide Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Carbaglu 227936 Carglumic Acid Recordati Rare Diseases No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Claritin Kids Rapid Dissolve 228699 Loratadine Bayer Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Cold + Sinus Daytime Cold + Sinus Nighttime 239435 Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrine Hcl Vita Health Products Inc Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Depakene 242654 Valproic Acid BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No No No No No Yes Descovy 234525 Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Epclusa 233923 Velpatasvir, Sofosbuvir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Epival 242651 Divalproex Sodium BGP Pharma ULC No Yes No No No No No Yes Erleada 241921 Apalutamide Janssen Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Genvoya 238172 Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate, Cobicistat, Elvitegravir Gilead Sciences Canada Inc Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Jakavi 241484 Ruxolitinib Phosphate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Lolo 238799 Ethinyl Estradiol, Norethindrone Acetate Allergan Inc No No No No No Yes No Yes Lonsurf 235999 Tipiracil Hydrochloride, Trifluridine Taiho Pharma Canada, Inc.

No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Lupron, Lupron Depot 241744 Leuprolide Acetate Abbvie Corporation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Micro+6 Concentrate 237994 Manganese Sulfate, Chromic Chloride, Cupric Sulfate, Selenious Acid, Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate, Sodium Iodide Sandoz Canada Incorporated No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Mirena 243721 Levonorgestrel Bayer Inc No Yes No No No Yes No Yes PMS-Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI 242762 Fluticasone Propionate, Salmeterol Xinafoate Pharmascience Inc No No No No No No No Yes Ravicti 241398 Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Horizon Therapeutics Ireland DAC No No No No No No No Yes Rydapt 241284 Midostaurin Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No No No Yes No No Sandostatin LAR, Sandostatin 240998 Octreotide, Octreotide Acetate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Sandoz Metoprolol SR 240568 Metoprolol Tartrate Sandoz Canada Incorporated No No No No Yes No No Yes Sofracort 240569 Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate, Gramicidin, Framycetin Sulfate Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Tagrisso 242157 Osimertinib Mesylate AstraZeneca Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Tasigna 242015 Nilotinib Hydrochloride Monohydrate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No No No Yes No No No Yes Tiazac XC 238542 Diltiazem Hcl Valeant Canada LP Valeant Canada S.E.C. Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Xarelto 233166 Rivaroxaban Bayer Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Zytiga 241627 Abiraterone Acetate Janssen Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes October 2020Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates October 2020(PDF, 70KB, 1 page) October 2020 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(S) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Aubagio 239626 Teriflunomide Sanofi Genzyme, A Division of Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Elmiron 239842 Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Janssen Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Ibuprofen Liquid Filled Capsules, Extra Strength Ibuprofen Liquid Filled Capsules 240415 Ibuprofen Apotex Inc Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Imovane 240565 Zopiclone Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Ketalar 238402 Ketamine Hydrochloride ERFA Canada 2012 Inc Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Kisqali 233623 Ribociclib Succinate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Maviret 234362 Pibrentasvir, Glecaprevir Abbvie Corporation No No No No No Yes No No Plavix 239831 Clopidogrel Bisulfate Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Prezcobix 240107 Darunavir Ethanolate, Cobicistat Janssen Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Prezista 240039 Darunavir Ethanolate Janssen Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Renagel 238457 Sevelamer Hydrochloride Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Renvela 238461 Sevelamer Carbonate Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Salazopyrin, Salazopyrin En-Tabs 239257 Sulfasalazine Pfizer Canada ULC No No No Yes No No No No Symtuza 240432 Darunavir Ethanolate, Emtricitabine, Cobicistat, Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate Janssen Inc No No No No Yes No No Yes Tagrisso 234607 Osimertinib Mesylate AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Talzenna 234108 Talazoparib Pfizer Canada ULC No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Tenormin 239845 Atenolol AstraZeneca Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No No Teva-Mexiletine 238065 Mexiletine Hcl Teva Canada Limited No Yes No No No No No No Twynsta 239007 Telmisartan, Amlodipine Besylate Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Zejula 237670 Niraparib GlaxoSmithKline Inc No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Zerbaxa 238477 Ceftolozane Sulfate, Tazobactam Sodium Merck Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes Zofran, Zofran ODT 240200 Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dihydrate Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No Yes September 2020Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates September 2020(PDF, 72 KB, 1 page) September 2020 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &.

Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &. Administration Overdosage Consumer Information Aubagio 231739 Teriflunomide Sanofi Genzyme, A Division of Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Dovato 233469 Dolutegravir, Lamivudine ViiV Healthcare ULC No No No Yes No No No No Heartburn Control 238026 Omeprazole Apotex Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Imbruvica 233164 Ibrutinib Janssen Inc No Yes No No No Yes No No Incruse Ellipta 222505 Umeclidinium Bromide GlaxoSmithKline Inc No No No No No No No Yes Narcan Nasal Spray 234832 Naloxone Hcl Adapt Pharma Operations Limited No No No No No No No Yes Plaquenil 238801 Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Saphris 238694 Asenapine Merck Canada Inc No Yes No No No No No No Soliqua 232504 Lixisenatide, Insulin Glargine Sanofi-Aventis Canada Inc No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Synthroid 238350 Levothyroxine Sodium BGP Pharma ULC Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Targin 237753 Naloxone Hcl, Oxycodone Hcl Purdue Pharma Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Venclexta 234504 Venetoclax Abbvie Corporation No No No Yes No Yes No No Zytiga 236834 Abiraterone Acetate Janssen Inc No No No Yes No No No No August 2020Product Monograph Brand Safety Updates August 2020(PDF, 82 KB, 2 pages) August 2020 Brand Name Submission Number Ingredient(s) Manufacturer Contraindications Warnings &. Precautions Serious Warnings &. Precautions Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Dosage &.

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Latest Women's Health News By Cara Murez HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, which is best viagra or levitra Oct. 28, 2021 (HealthDay News) Might breastfeeding affect a new mother's future brain health?. That's the intriguing question posed by a new study that flips the which is best viagra or levitra narrative from the often-touted benefits for baby to what impact breastfeeding might hold for Mom years later.

Researchers from UCLA Health found that women over age 50 who had breastfed their babies performed better on tests of brain function than those who had not. "The findings were pretty straightforward in that we compared women who did versus did not breastfeed," said lead author Molly Fox, an assistant professor in the Departments of Anthropology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles. And women who did performed better on tests which is best viagra or levitra of thinking and memory skills, also known as cognition.

The findings are significant because impaired cognition after age 50 can be a strong predictor of Alzheimer's disease, the leading form of dementia and cause of disability in the elderly. About two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's are women. "We repeated the analyses looking only at women who had children to make sure that we weren't just picking up an effect of whether or not you had children and the results were the same," Fox said which is best viagra or levitra.

"It does seem to be that there was something connected to breastfeeding specifically, and not just whether or not you have kids." The study included 115 women who were part of two 12-week clinical trials at UCLA Health. Sixty-four described themselves as depressed, and 51 as not depressed. All completed a which is best viagra or levitra questionnaire about their reproductive life history, including the age they began their period, number of pregnancies, length of time they breastfed for each child and their age at menopause.

The women also completed psychological tests that measured brain function in four areas. Learning, delayed recall, executive functioning and processing speed. None had been diagnosed with which is best viagra or levitra dementia.

In all, 65% of women who said they were not depressed had breastfed, compared to about 44% of women with depression. Whether they described themselves as depressed or not, women who had breastfed performed better in tests of all four brain functions evaluated compared to those who had not, the study found. All four scores which is best viagra or levitra were significantly linked to breastfeeding in women without depression.

But only two were strongly associated with breastfeeding in the group with depression -- processing speed and executive function, which includes skills such as flexible thinking, self-control and working memory. Women who had not breastfed had significantly lower scores in three of the four brain functions evaluated compared to women who had breastfed for one to 12 months. Additionally, their scores were lower in all four areas compared to women which is best viagra or levitra who breastfed for more than a year.

What's unique about breastfeeding Though the researchers weren't able to directly examine what's connecting the two, they have some theories. "I think it would make sense that there are some things that we know breastfeeding affects, like a woman's energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and these are systems that are already implicated in brain aging and Alzheimer's risk," Fox said. The intriguing -- and exciting -- possibility is that breastfeeding could exert effects on metabolism or other bodily which is best viagra or levitra functions that could be responsible for the pattern researchers saw.

"To address the question about what it means for women who did or did not have kids, the story is much more complex than the scientific study, because the actual lived experience in women's reproductive histories involves so many different phases and systems and we were only looking at this one factor," Fox said. She noted that the study shows an association and doesn't prove cause and effect. QUESTION which is best viagra or levitra Newborn babies don't sleep very much.

See Answer The link might not even have a biological cause, Fox said, but might owe to the psychological or social experience of bonding with your child or the family dynamics around breastfeeding. Dr. Neelum Aggarwal, a fellow of the American which is best viagra or levitra Academy of Neurology and associate professor at Rush Medical College in Chicago, reviewed the findings.

"This is an interesting study as it expands our thinking about a woman's reproductive history and relatedness to cognitive decline and dementia," she said. But more study is needed, Aggarwal said. Multiple factors which is best viagra or levitra and issues in society, including concerns about mood, depression, anxiety and how they may limit breastfeeding, should be investigated in a larger, diverse population, she said.

Dr. Nicole Smith, medical director at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinic at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, said breastfeeding can provide lifelong benefits to a mother's health. Among them are lowering her risk for heart disease, diabetes and breast which is best viagra or levitra cancer.

Smith said the relationship between mental decline and breastfeeding may be related to those other factors. "Whether or not a woman breastfed, however, is unlikely to be the most important variable in maintaining cognitive function," she said. "A healthy lifestyle, including optimizing cardiovascular health, is most likely to be beneficial." In her practice, Smith said she aims to help women achieve their breastfeeding goals -- whatever which is best viagra or levitra they may be.

"Certainly we can have healthy babies and mothers when babies are formula-fed," she added. The findings were recently published in the journal Evolution, Medicine, &. Public Health which is best viagra or levitra.

More information The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health has more on breastfeeding. SOURCES.

Molly Fox, PhD, assistant professor, Departments of Anthropology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles. Neelum Aggarwal, MD, associate professor, neurological sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, and neurologist, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago. Nicole Smith, MD, MPH, medical director, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinic, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.

Evolution, Medicine, &. Public Health, Oct. 1, 2021 Copyright © 2021 HealthDay.

All rights reserved. From Parenting and Newborn Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our SponsorsLatest Senior Health News By Amy Norton HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Oct. 28, 2021 (HealthDay News) ADHD medications are increasingly being prescribed to older adults, and they may cause a short-term spike in the risk of heart attack, stroke and arrhythmias, a large new study suggests.

Stimulant medications, such as Ritalin, Concerta and Adderall, are commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But they are also increasingly being prescribed "off-label" to older adults, to combat conditions such as severe drowsiness, appetite loss and depression. The new findings add to evidence that the drugs can pose heart risks.

Researchers found that on average, older adults starting on a stimulant showed a 40% increase in their risk of heart attack, stroke or ventricular arrhythmia within 30 days. Ventricular arrhythmias are rhythm disturbances in the heart's lower chambers, and some can be fatal. In the study, stimulant users had double the risk of dying within a month of starting a stimulant, compared to older adults who were similar in terms of health but not using a stimulant.

The absolute risks were relatively small, said lead researcher Mina Tadrous, an assistant professor of pharmacy at the University of Toronto. Over one year, 5 out of 100 stimulant users had a heart "event," the study found. That compared with between 3 and 4 of every 100 non-users.

And the increased risk appeared limited to the first 30 days of use, Tadrous said. Over the longer term -- six months and one year -- stimulant users were not at greater risk of heart trouble. Why?.

It's not clear, but Tadrous said it may be because of monitoring. Doctors have long known that stimulant medications can raise blood pressure and heart rate. In fact, the drugs carry warnings about those effects, particularly for people with established heart disease.

So doctors and patients are likely checking for red flags -- a spike in blood pressure or symptoms like chest palpitations -- and if they come up, the drug may be stopped, Tadrous explained. Over the longer term then, older adults who remain on stimulants may be those who are less likely to have heart and vascular side effects. For the study, Tadrous and his colleagues looked at data on more than 30,000 adults over 65 living in Ontario, Canada.

The group included more than 6,400 patients who started a stimulant prescription between 2017 and 2019. Researchers compared each of those patients with four others who were similar in terms of health and demographics but were not prescribed a stimulant. The stimulant medications included amphetamine, dextroamphetamine (brands such as Dexedrine and ProCentra), methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta and other brands), and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse).

On average, older adults prescribed stimulants were 40% more likely to land in the emergency room or be hospitalized for a heart complication within 30 days. IMAGES Heart Illustration Browse through our medical image collection to see illustrations of human anatomy and physiology See Images The sharpest increase was in the risk of ventricular arrhythmia, which was three times higher compared with other older adults. For patients already on stimulants, Tadrous said the lack of longer-term excess risks could be seen as reassuring.

But, he said, doctors should remain "vigilant" in monitoring blood pressure and other markers of heart health in those patients. Dr. James Kirkpatrick is chair of American College of Cardiology's Geriatric Cardiology Section Leadership Council.

He said the lack of longer-term risks was the most interesting finding from the study. It's not clear why that is, Kirkpatrick said, but he agreed that patient monitoring might explain it. Kirkpatrick, who was not involved in the study, noted that for some older adults, the symptoms for which stimulants are prescribed can be so debilitating, the potential for heart effects could be worth the benefits of treatment.

"Individual patients have individual needs," he said. "It's always about balancing the benefits and risks." Older adults already on a stimulant should not stop taking it on their own, Kirkpatrick advised. If they have concerns, he said, they should talk to their doctor.

Kirkpatrick agreed that ongoing monitoring is important. And ideally, he said, older adults should regularly have a medication "review" with their doctor, to talk about which drugs they still need and where a change might be better. The findings were published Oct.

25 in JAMA Network Open. More information The American College of Cardiology has more on the safety of stimulant medications. SOURCES.

Mina Tadrous, PharmD, PhD, assistant professor, pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada. James Kirkpatrick, MD, chair, Geriatric Cardiology Section Leadership Council, American College of Cardiology, Washington, D.C., and professor, medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle. JAMA Network Open, Oct.

25, 2021, online Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved. From Healthy Heart Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our SponsorsLatest Healthy Kids News THURSDAY, Oct.

28, 2021 (HealthDay News) The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced Thursday that it has lowered its limits for lead poisoning in kids. The move is expected to more than double the number of 1- to 5-year-olds with worrisome levels of the toxic metal in their blood, according to the Associated Press.

That means the number is projected to grow from 200,000 to about 500,000, AP said. "Lead exposure at all levels is harmful to children and can be detrimental to their long-term health," CDC Acting Principal Deputy Director Dr. Debra Houry said in a news release.

"Protecting the health and well-being of children as they grow and develop is of the utmost importance, and I am confident this update will allow us to further safeguard the health of the next generation." The new level updates the CDC's blood lead reference level (BLRL) from 5µg/dL to 3.5 µg/dL. The CDC last changed its definition nine years ago and had pledged to consider an update every four years. But work on a revision hit snags during the Trump administration, Patrick Vreysse, head of the CDC's National Center for Environmental Health, told the AP.

With the change, the CDC encouraged federal partners, health departments, health care providers and others to focus resources on kids with the highest blood lead levels. The aim is to reduce kids' lead levels, lower their health risks, and identify and eliminate sources of lead exposure. While the CDC said overall blood lead levels have declined, lead exposure remains a significant public health concern for some children because of persistent lead hazards.

Sources include lead-based paint, contaminated soil, household plumbing materials, contaminated food and candies, consumer products and lead dust from workplaces that's brought home on caregivers' clothing. At very high levels, it can damage organs and cause seizures, the AP reported. Black children, those living in low-income households, and those who are immigrants or refugees are more likely to live in neighborhoods where lead is pervasive, the CDC said.

It noted that no safe blood lead level in children has been identified and even low levels of lead in blood have been shown to affect learning and academic achievement. Some effects may be permanent. More information Learn more about symptoms and treatment of lead poisoning at the Mayo Clinic.

SOURCES. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, news release, Oct.

28, 2021. Associated Press Robert Preidt Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SLIDESHOW The 14 Most Common Causes of Fatigue See SlideshowLatest Depression News By Cara Murez HealthDay ReporterFRIDAY, Oct. 29, 2021 (HealthDay News) When Tommy Van Brocklin signed up for a trial of a special type of magnetic brain stimulation therapy that could potentially ease his depression, he had already been living with the mood disorder for 45 years. Van Brocklin, 60, first underwent an MRI that located the part of his brain that regulates executive functions such as problem-solving and inhibits unwanted responses.

Then for five days, for 10-minute sessions 10 times each day, doctors used repeated pulses to stimulate the part of his brain that could impact his depression. "I was kind of at the end of my rope, very frustrated with it all," Van Brocklin said about how he felt before trying the treatment. "I never knew when it was going to be a good day and when it was going to be a bad day.

Just could never get on top of it, you know?. Well, maybe I would for a while and then it would go right back into it." While at first Van Brocklin noticed no change, by day two he felt emotional and by day three he could tell it was working in a way that medications and talk therapy no longer did for him. "The third day, I guess it kicked into gear, and I started to get better and better and better," Van Brocklin said.

"The treatment seems to show me that there is enjoyment in everyday things, the small things, like walking my dog just for the enjoyment of it, or playing my guitar for the fun of it." The treatment, called SAINT, is an intensive, individualized form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the new trial, researchers worked with 29 individuals who had severe depression that was resistant to other treatments. About half of the participants received SAINT.

The other half had a placebo that was meant to mimic the real treatment with a magnetic coil that felt like a magnetic pulse The relief came quickly, within days, and was successful for 78.6% of the treatment group. They were found to be no longer depressed in standard evaluations. Side effects were temporary fatigue and headaches.

Study author Dr. Nolan Williams, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Stanford University, was motivated to provide a quicker solution for people who had psychiatric emergencies. The solution would also be an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy, which is used by only about 1.5% of people to treat a suicidal depressive episode for a variety of reasons, he said.

New treatment could work faster in emergencies "The vast majority of people who come in with suicidal depression in the United States, into U.S. Psychiatric hospitals, don't have access to any sort of emergency intervention. That's coupled with the other data that suggests or demonstrates that people who are in these sort of suicidal depressive episodes have the highest lifetime risk of completing a suicide attempt after they get discharged from their first inpatient hospital stay for a mood disorder," Williams said.

"The No. 1 risk for suicide is previous suicide attempt. The No.

2 risk for suicide is hospitalization prior to that attempt." Williams said he became convinced that something like this was needed. TMS in its current, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved form works over a longer period of time, about six weeks, so it is not as useful to someone who will only be an inpatient on a suicide hold for about 10 days.

SAINT works more quickly. About half the patients who have standard TMS improve, and one-third experience remission from depression. "We figured out a way to compress an entire six-week course of TMS into a single day.

And so then we're able to give five times as much stimulation, and there's a bunch of new neuroscience, basically, in how to rearrange those pulses in time and in space," Williams explained. The patients in the study ranged from 22 to 80, with an average of nine years of depression. They had tried medications, which either had no effect or had stopped working over time.

Four weeks after treatment, 12 of the 14 participants who received the real treatment had improved, with 11 meeting FDA criteria for remission. Only two of the 15 people who received the placebo met the criteria for remission. QUESTION Depression is a(n) __________.

See Answer "To have something that can work very fast and can last for some people years, some people months, it's a pretty big jump as far as having some important tools in the tool belt for treating depression," Williams said. Compared to the conventional TMS treatment, this is also more individualized because of the MRI. "I think why this is working so much better is we're able to give [a] dose that's enough for that individual and we're able to do it in a personalized way," Williams said.

"If you can maintain this, it can put people back to work, it can get people back on track. They finally have the life that they want, so it can be a very dramatic improvement for folks if they can kind of get out of that mood episode," Williams said. "That's what we've seen with folks is that they're just kind of categorically in a better spot." Refining the brain stimulation process Van Brocklin's sister, who lives in California, had suggested the trial.

Van Brocklin, who lives in Tennessee, said he is working now to remember he's on a mission to stay well and giving up habits that were not working for him. "I'm feeling good. It's definitely stayed with me.

It didn't just vanish away," said Van Brocklin, who had the treatment in early September. The findings were published Oct. 29 in the American Journal of Psychiatry.

Dr. Mark George, known as a TMS pioneer for his work on the FDA-approved version of the treatment, reacted to the findings with enthusiasm. "Although the treatment itself is great, really very few side effects, there are no drug interactions, no cognitive side effects, no IVs.

The biggest drawback has really been the time intensiveness of it. It just took a lot of chair time to get people well," George said about conventional TMS. "And because it took a lot of chair time, it was pretty expensive or you can only treat so many patients in a day.

... That's been one of the things that's kind of held it back from being more useful. "This study is massively important because it shows convincingly, really without any doubt, that you can do what we used to do in six weeks, bigger, faster, better in a week," continued George, who is the Layton McCurdy Endowed Chair in Psychiatry at the Medical University of South Carolina.

These results are important because of the really high response and remission rates, he said. "Suicide rates in the United States have climbed year over year without really slowing down, even though we have widely available medications, and so having a tool that can quickly get people [out of suicidal thinking] would be very, very effective," George said. "As … somebody who started this many, many years ago, it is really gratifying to see how, over time, hardworking doctors and scientists and patients who agree to be in these studies and work together to refine an entirely new way of treating illnesses in the brain and, with some clever thought and changes and then funding, really make breakthroughs," George said.

More information The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration offers a national helpline for people with depression and other mood disorders. SOURCES.

Nolan Williams, MD, assistant professor, psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Stanford University, and director, Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, Calif.. Mark George, MD, Layton McCurdy Endowed Chair in Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Tommy Van Brocklin, Memphis, Tenn..

American Journal of Psychiatry, Oct. 29, 2021 Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

From Depression Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our Sponsors.

Latest Women's Health News By Cara Murez HealthDay click for more ReporterTHURSDAY, buy bayer levitra Oct. 28, 2021 (HealthDay News) Might breastfeeding affect a new mother's future brain health?. That's the intriguing question posed by a new study that flips the narrative from the often-touted benefits for baby to what impact breastfeeding might hold for Mom buy bayer levitra years later.

Researchers from UCLA Health found that women over age 50 who had breastfed their babies performed better on tests of brain function than those who had not. "The findings were pretty straightforward in that we compared women who did versus did not breastfeed," said lead author Molly Fox, an assistant professor in the Departments of Anthropology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles. And women who did performed better on tests of thinking and memory skills, also known buy bayer levitra as cognition.

The findings are significant because impaired cognition after age 50 can be a strong predictor of Alzheimer's disease, the leading form of dementia and cause of disability in the elderly. About two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's are women. "We repeated the analyses looking only at women who had children to make sure that we weren't just buy bayer levitra picking up an effect of whether or not you had children and the results were the same," Fox said.

"It does seem to be that there was something connected to breastfeeding specifically, and not just whether or not you have kids." The study included 115 women who were part of two 12-week clinical trials at UCLA Health. Sixty-four described themselves as depressed, and 51 as not depressed. All completed a questionnaire about their reproductive life history, including the age they buy bayer levitra began their period, number of pregnancies, length of time they breastfed for each child and their age at menopause.

The women also completed psychological tests that measured brain function in four areas. Learning, delayed recall, executive functioning and processing speed. None had buy bayer levitra been diagnosed with dementia.

In all, 65% of women who said they were not depressed had breastfed, compared to about 44% of women with depression. Whether they described themselves as depressed or not, women who had breastfed performed better in tests of all four brain functions evaluated compared to those who had not, the study found. All four buy bayer levitra scores were significantly linked to breastfeeding in women without depression.

But only two were strongly associated with breastfeeding in the group with depression -- processing speed and executive function, which includes skills such as flexible thinking, self-control and working memory. Women who had not breastfed had significantly lower scores in three of the four brain functions evaluated compared to women who had breastfed for one to 12 months. Additionally, their scores were lower in all four areas compared to women who breastfed for more buy bayer levitra than a year.

What's unique about breastfeeding Though the researchers weren't able to directly examine what's connecting the two, they have some theories. "I think it would make sense that there are some things that we know breastfeeding affects, like a woman's energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and these are systems that are already implicated in brain aging and Alzheimer's risk," Fox said. The intriguing -- and exciting -- possibility is that breastfeeding could exert effects on metabolism or other bodily buy bayer levitra functions that could be responsible for the pattern researchers saw.

"To address the question about what it means for women who did or did not have kids, the story is much more complex than the scientific study, because the actual lived experience in women's reproductive histories involves so many different phases and systems and we were only looking at this one factor," Fox said. She noted that the study shows an association and doesn't prove cause and effect. QUESTION Newborn babies don't sleep buy bayer levitra very much.

See Answer The link might not even have a biological cause, Fox said, but might owe to the psychological or social experience of bonding with your child or the family dynamics around breastfeeding. Dr. Neelum Aggarwal, a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology and associate professor at Rush Medical buy bayer levitra College in Chicago, reviewed the findings.

"This is an interesting study as it expands our thinking about a woman's reproductive history and relatedness to cognitive decline and dementia," she said. But more study is needed, Aggarwal said. Multiple factors and issues in society, including concerns about mood, depression, anxiety and how buy bayer levitra they may limit breastfeeding, should be investigated in a larger, diverse population, she said.

Dr. Nicole Smith, medical director at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinic at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, said breastfeeding can provide lifelong benefits to a mother's health. Among them are lowering her buy bayer levitra risk for heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer.

Smith said the relationship between mental decline and breastfeeding may be related to those other factors. "Whether or not a woman breastfed, however, is unlikely to be the most important variable in maintaining cognitive function," she said. "A healthy lifestyle, including optimizing cardiovascular health, is most likely to be beneficial." In her practice, Smith said she aims to help women achieve their breastfeeding goals -- whatever they may be buy bayer levitra.

"Certainly we can have healthy babies and mothers when babies are formula-fed," she added. The findings were recently published in the journal Evolution, Medicine, &. Public Health buy bayer levitra.

More information The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health has more on breastfeeding. SOURCES.

Molly Fox, PhD, assistant professor, Departments of Anthropology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles. Neelum Aggarwal, MD, associate professor, neurological sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, and neurologist, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago. Nicole Smith, MD, MPH, medical director, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinic, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.

Evolution, Medicine, &. Public Health, Oct. 1, 2021 Copyright © 2021 HealthDay.

All rights reserved. From Parenting and Newborn Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our SponsorsLatest Senior Health News By Amy Norton HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Oct. 28, 2021 (HealthDay News) ADHD medications are increasingly being prescribed to older adults, and they may cause a short-term spike in the risk of heart attack, stroke and arrhythmias, a large new study suggests.

Stimulant medications, such as Ritalin, Concerta and Adderall, are commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But they are also increasingly being prescribed "off-label" to older adults, to combat conditions such as severe drowsiness, appetite loss and depression. The new findings add to evidence that the drugs can pose heart risks.

Researchers found that on average, older adults starting on a stimulant showed a 40% increase in their risk of heart attack, stroke or ventricular arrhythmia within 30 days. Ventricular arrhythmias are rhythm disturbances in the heart's lower chambers, and some can be fatal. In the study, stimulant users had double the risk of dying within a month of starting a stimulant, compared to older adults who were similar in terms of health but not using a stimulant.

The absolute risks were relatively small, said lead researcher Mina Tadrous, an assistant professor of pharmacy at the University of Toronto. Over one year, 5 out of 100 stimulant users had a heart "event," the study found. That compared with between 3 and 4 of every 100 non-users.

And the increased risk appeared limited to the first 30 days of use, Tadrous said. Over the longer term -- six months and one year -- stimulant users were not at greater risk of heart trouble. Why?.

It's not clear, but Tadrous said it may be because of monitoring. Doctors have long known that stimulant medications can raise blood pressure and heart rate. In fact, the drugs carry warnings about those effects, particularly for people with established heart disease.

So doctors and patients are likely checking for red flags -- a spike in blood pressure or symptoms like chest palpitations -- and if they come up, the drug may be stopped, Tadrous explained. Over the longer term then, older adults who remain on stimulants may be those who are less likely to have heart and vascular side effects. For the study, Tadrous and his colleagues looked at data on more than 30,000 adults over 65 living in Ontario, Canada.

The group included more than 6,400 patients who started a stimulant prescription between 2017 and 2019. Researchers compared each of those patients with four others who were similar in terms of health and demographics but were not prescribed a stimulant. The stimulant medications included amphetamine, dextroamphetamine (brands such as Dexedrine and ProCentra), methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta and other brands), and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse).

On average, older adults prescribed stimulants were 40% more likely to land in the emergency room or be hospitalized for a heart complication within 30 days. IMAGES Heart Illustration Browse through our medical image collection to see illustrations of human anatomy and physiology See Images The sharpest increase was in the risk of ventricular arrhythmia, which was three times higher compared with other older adults. For patients already on stimulants, Tadrous said the lack of longer-term excess risks could be seen as reassuring.

But, he said, doctors should remain "vigilant" in monitoring blood pressure and other markers of heart health in those patients. Dr. James Kirkpatrick is chair of American College of Cardiology's Geriatric Cardiology Section Leadership Council.

He said the lack of longer-term risks was the most interesting finding from the study. It's not clear why that is, Kirkpatrick said, but he agreed that patient monitoring might explain it. Kirkpatrick, who was not involved in the study, noted that for some older adults, the symptoms for which stimulants are prescribed can be so debilitating, the potential for heart effects could be worth the benefits of treatment.

"Individual patients have individual needs," he said. "It's always about balancing the benefits and risks." Older adults already on a stimulant should not stop taking it on their own, Kirkpatrick advised. If they have concerns, he said, they should talk to their doctor.

Kirkpatrick agreed that ongoing monitoring is important. And ideally, he said, older adults should regularly have a medication "review" with their doctor, to talk about which drugs they still need and where a change might be better. The findings were published Oct.

25 in JAMA Network Open. More information The American College of Cardiology has more on the safety of stimulant medications. SOURCES.

Mina Tadrous, PharmD, PhD, assistant professor, pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada. James Kirkpatrick, MD, chair, Geriatric Cardiology Section Leadership Council, American College of Cardiology, Washington, D.C., and professor, medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle. JAMA Network Open, Oct.

25, 2021, more online Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved. From Healthy Heart Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our SponsorsLatest Healthy Kids News THURSDAY, Oct.

28, 2021 (HealthDay News) The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced Thursday that it has lowered its limits for lead poisoning in kids. The move is expected to more than double the number of 1- to 5-year-olds with worrisome levels of the toxic metal in their blood, according to the Associated Press.

That means the number is projected to grow from 200,000 to about 500,000, AP said. "Lead exposure at all levels is harmful to children and can be detrimental to their long-term health," CDC Acting Principal Deputy Director Dr. Debra Houry said in a news release.

"Protecting the health and well-being of children as they grow and develop is of the utmost importance, and I am confident this update will allow us to further safeguard the health of the next generation." The new level updates the CDC's blood lead reference level (BLRL) from 5µg/dL to 3.5 µg/dL. The CDC last changed its definition nine years ago and had pledged to consider an update every four years. But work on a revision hit snags during the Trump administration, Patrick Vreysse, head of the CDC's National Center for Environmental Health, told the AP.

With the change, the CDC encouraged federal partners, health departments, health care providers and others to focus resources on kids with the highest blood lead levels. The aim is to reduce kids' lead levels, lower their health risks, and identify and eliminate sources of lead exposure. While the CDC said overall blood lead levels have declined, lead exposure remains a significant public health concern for some children because of persistent lead hazards.

Sources include lead-based paint, contaminated soil, household plumbing materials, contaminated food and candies, consumer products and lead dust from workplaces that's brought home on caregivers' clothing. At very high levels, it can damage organs and cause seizures, the AP reported. Black children, those living in low-income households, and those who are immigrants or refugees are more likely to live in neighborhoods where lead is pervasive, the CDC said.

It noted that no safe blood lead level in children has been identified and even low levels of lead in blood have been shown to affect learning and academic achievement. Some effects may be permanent. More information Learn more about symptoms and treatment of lead poisoning at the Mayo Clinic.

SOURCES. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, news release, Oct.

28, 2021. Associated Press Robert Preidt Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SLIDESHOW The 14 Most Common Causes of Fatigue See SlideshowLatest Depression News By Cara Murez HealthDay ReporterFRIDAY, Oct. 29, 2021 (HealthDay News) When Tommy Van Brocklin signed up for a trial of a special type of magnetic brain stimulation therapy that could potentially ease his depression, he had already been living with the mood disorder for 45 years. Van Brocklin, 60, first underwent an MRI that located the part of his brain that regulates executive functions such as problem-solving and inhibits unwanted responses.

Then for five days, for 10-minute sessions 10 times each day, doctors used repeated pulses to stimulate the part of his brain that could impact his depression. "I was kind of at the end of my rope, very frustrated with it all," Van Brocklin said about how he felt before trying the treatment. "I never knew when it was going to be a good day and when it was going to be a bad day.

Just could never get on top of it, you know?. Well, maybe I would for a while and then it would go right back into it." While at first Van Brocklin noticed no change, by day two he felt emotional and by day three he could tell it was working in a way that medications and talk therapy no longer did for him. "The third day, I guess it kicked into gear, and I started to get better and better and better," Van Brocklin said.

"The treatment seems to show me that there is enjoyment in everyday things, the small things, like walking my dog just for the enjoyment of it, or playing my guitar for the fun of it." The treatment, called SAINT, is an intensive, individualized form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the new trial, researchers worked with 29 individuals who had severe depression that was resistant to other treatments. About half of the participants received SAINT.

The other half had a placebo that was meant to mimic the real treatment with a magnetic coil that felt like a magnetic pulse The relief came quickly, within days, and was successful for 78.6% of the treatment group. They were found to be no longer depressed in standard evaluations. Side effects were temporary fatigue and headaches.

Study author Dr. Nolan Williams, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Stanford University, was motivated to provide a quicker solution for people who had psychiatric emergencies. The solution would also be an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy, which is used by only about 1.5% of people to treat a suicidal depressive episode for a variety of reasons, he said.

New treatment could work faster in emergencies "The vast majority of people who come in with suicidal depression in the United States, into U.S. Psychiatric hospitals, don't have access to any sort of emergency intervention. That's coupled with the other data that suggests or demonstrates that people who are in these sort of suicidal depressive episodes have the highest lifetime risk of completing a suicide attempt after they get discharged from their first inpatient hospital stay for a mood disorder," Williams said.

"The No. 1 risk for suicide is previous suicide attempt. The No.

2 risk for suicide is hospitalization prior to that attempt." Williams said he became convinced that something like this was needed. TMS in its current, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved form works over a longer period of time, about six weeks, so it is not as useful to someone who will only be an inpatient on a suicide hold for about 10 days.

SAINT works more quickly. About half the patients who have standard TMS improve, and one-third experience remission from depression. "We figured out a way to compress an entire six-week course of TMS into a single day.

And so then we're able to give five times as much stimulation, and there's a bunch of new neuroscience, basically, in how to rearrange those pulses in time and in space," Williams explained. The patients in the study ranged from 22 to 80, with an average of nine years of depression. They had tried medications, which either had no effect or had stopped working over time.

Four weeks after treatment, 12 of the 14 participants who received the real treatment had improved, with 11 meeting FDA criteria for remission. Only two of the 15 people who received the placebo met the criteria for remission. QUESTION Depression is a(n) __________.

See Answer "To have something that can work very fast and can last for some people years, some people months, it's a pretty big jump as far as having some important tools in the tool belt for treating depression," Williams said. Compared to the conventional TMS treatment, this is also more individualized because of the MRI. "I think why this is working so much better is we're able to give [a] dose that's enough for that individual and we're able to do it in a personalized way," Williams said.

"If you can maintain this, it can put people back to work, it can get people back on track. They finally have the life that they want, so it can be a very dramatic improvement for folks if they can kind of get out of that mood episode," Williams said. "That's what we've seen with folks is that they're just kind of categorically in a better spot." Refining the brain stimulation process Van Brocklin's sister, who lives in California, had suggested the trial.

Van Brocklin, who lives in Tennessee, said he is working now to remember he's on a mission to stay well and giving up habits that were not working for him. "I'm feeling good. It's definitely stayed with me.

It didn't just vanish away," said Van Brocklin, who had the treatment in early September. The findings were published Oct. 29 in the American Journal of Psychiatry.

Dr. Mark George, known as a TMS pioneer for his work on the FDA-approved version of the treatment, reacted to the findings with enthusiasm. "Although the treatment itself is great, really very few side effects, there are no drug interactions, no cognitive side effects, no IVs.

The biggest drawback has really been the time intensiveness of it. It just took a lot of chair time to get people well," George said about conventional TMS. "And because it took a lot of chair time, it was pretty expensive or you can only treat so many patients in a day.

... That's been one of the things that's kind of held it back from being more useful. "This study is massively important because it shows convincingly, really without any doubt, that you can do what we used to do in six weeks, bigger, faster, better in a week," continued George, who is the Layton McCurdy Endowed Chair in Psychiatry at the Medical University of South Carolina.

These results are important because of the really high response and remission rates, he said. "Suicide rates in the United States have climbed year over year without really slowing down, even though we have widely available medications, and so having a tool that can quickly get people [out of suicidal thinking] would be very, very effective," George said. "As … somebody who started this many, many years ago, it is really gratifying to see how, over time, hardworking doctors and scientists and patients who agree to be in these studies and work together to refine an entirely new way of treating illnesses in the brain and, with some clever thought and changes and then funding, really make breakthroughs," George said.

More information The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration offers a national helpline for people with depression and other mood disorders. SOURCES.

Nolan Williams, MD, assistant professor, psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Stanford University, and director, Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, Calif.. Mark George, MD, Layton McCurdy Endowed Chair in Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Tommy Van Brocklin, Memphis, Tenn..

American Journal of Psychiatry, Oct. 29, 2021 Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

From Depression Resources Featured Centers Health Solutions From Our Sponsors.